Canadian Forestry Joiinial. April, ic)20. 



149 



Proper weather conditions are ne- 

 cesary for this work. Trees which 

 are handled in cool, damp weather 

 have a much better chance than if 

 transplanted when weather is dry and 

 hot. 



There has been much discussion as 

 to the time when trees should be 

 , planted. Successful work has been 

 done in the spring, and again from the 

 middle of September till heavy frost 

 sets in. 



Where soil is very heavy and diffi- 

 cult to work, and where heavy bould- 

 ers are found, the expense is greater 

 and the difficulty of establishing 

 plantations much increased. If it is 

 necessary to use a spade to work the 

 ground, roots of the trees are much 

 more likely to get insufficient space 

 than where ploughing is done. 



The following methods have been 

 suggested for establishing tree fences. 

 Trees are planted from 2 feet to 2^ 

 feet apart in rows. These rows are 

 from 2 feet to 3 feet apart. Two to 

 three rows are necessary. 



Nursery stock being impossible to 

 obtain at reasonable figures, we are 

 forced to depend largely on trees dug 

 from the wood. Greater loss is an- 

 ticipated from this class of material. 



The smaller the trees planted, the 

 greater the chance for success. The 

 cost of lifting smaller trees and plant_ 

 ing them is much less than the ex- 

 pense involved in lifting bigger stock. 

 It is not practical, however, to use 

 large trees. The expense would be 

 too great, and handling and loss very 

 higli. Even nurseries do not handle 

 large conifers except at a prohibitive 

 rate. Nursery stock is, of ccnu-sc, 

 much more easily handled than wild 

 grown trees. It appears to be good 

 practice when natural grown stock is 

 used to plant trees from 18 inches to 

 36 inches in height. 



Cutivating the Ground. 



The ground to be planted is pre- 

 ])ared in the spring or fall preceding 

 the ])lanting. Ploughing is done and 

 a disc is used. If trees are to be 

 planted in the fall, the groiuid should 

 be cultivated during the summer sea- 

 son to keep down the weeds. It ap 



pears to be good practice to plough a 

 strip about 12 feet wide, three feet 

 of the plantation on either side being 

 left for fire breaks. It is necessary to 

 keep these fire breaks maintained for 

 several years. Cultivation should be 

 done for at least three or four years. 

 Extra precaution should be taken to 

 see that grass fires are not let run 

 close to trees. 



In 1916 the Canadian Pacific hav- 

 ing experienced considerable trouble 

 with hot boxes, caused by drifting 

 sand, established a plantation at 

 Vaucluse, on the line between Mont- 

 real and Quebec. Carolina poplar cut- 

 tings and Scottish pine seedlings 

 were used ; 80% of the cuttings have 

 made a showing and are now grow- 

 ing at the rate of about three feet 

 annually. There was no loss in the 

 pine trees. They now average over 

 12 inches per year. This plantation 

 is effective as a sand as well a,'^ sno\v 

 break. 



It is recommended that for this 

 class of work only conifers be used. 

 deciduous trees being of value m 

 summer time only. 



N. B. FORESTERS' RECORD 



At the annual Tlammerfest of the 

 Forestry students of the University 

 of New Brunswick. Mr. G. H. Prince, 

 in the course of an address said the 

 University of New Brunswick had 

 graduated twenty-eight foresters in 

 the nine years that degrees have been 

 granted to foresters. Almost all of 

 them were still in the profession and 

 sixteen of them held important execu- 

 tive positions in Canada with th > fed- 

 eral and provincial governments 

 while several others were practicing 

 the profession in other parts of the 

 world. Mr. Prince expressed the \\oy>c 

 that the University would continue io 

 supi')ly the profession with men of 



abililv. 



THE FOREST IN THE LEAD. 



The value of all the field products 

 of N(^rthcrn Ontario in 1017 was $7,- 

 041.327. 



The value of the forest products 

 of Northern Ontario in 1018 was over 

 $22,000,000. 



