2'X3 



( (iiitiilidii /■(irrslrv Jminuil. Jiiiw. I'L^O. 



sclicMUcs. Ill llic towns niir ilMiiic^lic the (|uirkc>l return. With tlu- c-xcep- 

 rirchitt'cts in tlic ])ast were rc>iH .n^ililc lion > >\ the larcli, ((.nifcrs are ever- 

 for niucli ln'(lc-( msncss ; in tli<- cinuilry, ui-ccn, and >a\c lor a brief period in 

 ,,11 ilic (iilur hand, our landowners late sprint,';, when the new needles are 

 ;n-l,it.\,.d innch l>eanl\. In "ur en- put toi-f h, t he\ do n. ,t (dian.L^-e tlu-ir as- 

 dea\'our lo renied\ the I'ornier. let us peel dnrin^ the eourM' <il the year, 

 not re\crM- the latter l)\ a to,, fia- Wdi.ds, e>])eeiall\ those situated on 



!e\cl "ground, when c()ni])Osed wholly 

 of pines or lir^, ].reM-nt a sombre ap- 

 pe.iranee and are apt to wear_\- the 

 (■\e. I !ie\ n^piire icliel 1)\ the ad- 

 dition (if deeidnou-^ trees, both to sup- 

 1)]\ \arii't\ and to allow of the seas- 

 iinal chansjes beinsj nianilt->ted. 



(pu-nt 1-epi-tition ot \\o,.d> ol tile >aine 

 tdiaraetei". 



To plant pure is a sound syl\ ieul 

 tural niaxini. To follow lhi^ out to 

 tlu- letter will result in iilautatious ol 

 a sexi'r^- type — largely consisting ol 

 rectaiiL'ular areas of a siu.^le six'cies 

 of (-onifer, as this elass ol tree ,iL;i\es 



Planting Clumps for Protection oj Stock 



3y E. J. Zavitz, Provincial Forester of Ontario 



Throu<jh(int the 



On stock and dairy farms clumps of 

 trees alVord \aluable ])rotection dur- 

 ing the lu'at of the day. It is a com- 

 mon sight to see animals retreat to 

 the shelter of trees which may happen 

 to stand in the lield. in permanent 

 pastures and even in fields occasional- 

 ly used for pasturage small clumps of 

 trees could be planted in corners on from, 

 waste portions of the field if any ex- 

 isted. It would be necessary to fence 

 in such planting and give it protection 

 till the trees reached a si.ze of three 

 or four inches in diameter. 



Deciduous trees, as Box Elder and 

 \\'hite elm grow fast, develop plenty 



1 'ri >\ ince of ( )n- 

 winds are wester 



tariii the ])re\ailin! 



!\, whicdi should be taki-n into i-oiisid- 

 eration in ])Ianting shelter belts.. .\u\- 

 dcla\' in the ado])ti(iu of the scheme 

 prolongs the period of the timber 

 shortage and the losses arising there- 



LIMITS, BELGIUM'S SIZE. 



Probably the greatest amalgamation 

 of timber and paper companies in Can- 

 adian historv took ])lace recentlv l)y 

 which the Riordou Pulp and Paper 



White elm grow lasi, aeveiop piciuv , ■ t, , ^ , ^ , ^i i i r 



i- 1 1 1 *- ^ i^u oK,, -.. t,, i^'lTi,-h ^O" Montreal, took over the holdmgs 



ol shade, and stand the abuse to wnicn ^ ^^^ , „ , , t^- - 



they must be subjected by the anim- 



f (jilmour and ITughson. and \\'. C 

 lulwards & Co.. linking them to the 

 extensi\'e Kiordou ])ro])erties known 

 Kipawa C Dmpany and the Ticon- 



as 



deroga Pul]) and Paper C i mijiany. The 



Belts or rows of trees are frequently 

 l)lanted for protection to orchards, 

 helds or buildings. There is no doubt 



about the advantage of such planting. ,,.,., ,. • ^-^r^n^ 



stock in protected barns will need less combmed tnnber hunts are 12,000 

 feed. Protected houses will need less square miles, an area larger than Bel- 

 fuel. Orchard or field crops benefit ojuni. and contain 25 million cords of 

 bv having protection. The drying 



\vinds of summer do less harm where 



pulpwood, nearl}' one and a quarter 



■ - ^. ■ . r\,.^u^^A^ l-.f.n^'A- l)illion feet of standing iMue, 150,000 



tree protection exists. Orchards hea\> f- i 



with fruit are often protected so that horsepower ot water-j^ower. i he most 



loss from wind-falls and broken bran 

 ches is lessened. Protected fields of 

 clover, fall wheat, etc., hold the snow 

 longer in the spring, which gives pro 

 tection from frosts and loss of mois- 

 ture by- evai)oration. 



valuable holdings of white pine in 

 the world are said to be within the 

 borders of this unified forest empire, 

 the pulp and paper output of which 

 will be about 150,000 tons per annum. 



