974 cxv. EUPHORBiACE^. [3fcmihot 



Colonial name '* Mandioca," " Manhioca," " Farinha do pao," " Man- 

 dioce doce," etc. No. 300 and Coll. Carp. 922. A form with the 

 lower leaves trifid and the upper leaves quinquefid. In the Giraul 

 fields mixed with the ordinary form ; fr. July 1859. No. 300/a 



This is the most valuable among the cultivated plants of the family 

 in Angola ; it is extensively cultivated in all parts of the province, 

 and provides the bread of the negro population ; it is also eaten in 

 the raw state, just as it is removed from the soil, without even the 

 least injurious results ; it consequently can there contain little or none 

 of the poisonous principle which appears to abound in the greater part 

 of the varieties of the species or of the allied species which are culti- 

 vated in tropical America. See Welw., Z.c, p. 5G4. The very fine 

 meal which is obtained from the roots is called '' Fuba," " Fuva," or 

 " Fuba iii N-bombo; " and in course of its preparation sieves (those of 

 an Egyptian pattern are called " Mussalo " or " N-salo " [?]) are used 

 in the mountainous districts of Golungo Alto, Ambaca, etc., made 

 from the textile plants called " Subi," that is, Domrx purpurea K. 

 Schum. and Phnjnium textile Ridl. The tubers are called "Caringa." 

 Fuba, mixed with the pounded root of Amomwii erythrocaipum Ridl., 

 is a remedy for pains of the abdomen. 



Manioc is almost wild in the Quilombo-Quiacatubia forests in 

 Golungo Alto, where it occurs as a shrub 9 ft. high ; but its root is 

 then by no means thick, and is scarcely edible owing to its bitterness. 

 In Pungo Andongo the fuba meal is made into dry cakes, which keep 

 a long time and are called " Quiquanga," or " Quicoanga," or " Bombo." 

 " Quinbombo " is a fermented drink prepared from mandioc and other 

 meal ; it is also called " Pombe," and when sweetened with honey it is 

 called " Cassulo." 



The negroes of Sange purposely throw into the adjacent streams, 

 the Cuango and Quiapose, roots of mandioc, in order to make the 

 waters more tasty ; the putrid smell thus produced causes the other 

 inhabitants to fetch their drinking water from the small spring of 

 Quiquele-quele on the north-west of the town. At Loanda the 

 plant is called " Quisaca." 



The word i][andioca, although used at times by the people of the 

 interior of Angola, is not strictly derived from the Bunda language, 

 but, according to Jose' Villela de Barros (Memor. da Ac. R. d. Sc. de 

 Lisboa, vol. vii., Mem. Corresp. p. 52, 1821), belongs to the idiom 

 of the American Indians, and is compounded of ramicli = bouse, and 

 oca = bread. There are two varieties of the plant, one called mandioca 

 hranca or white mandioc (caxora), and the other mandioca roxa or 

 purple mandioc, that is, with violet-red petioles and stem. 



23. HASSKARLIA Bail!. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. iii. p. 308. 



1. H. didymostemon Baill. Adansonia, i. p. 52 (1860); Muell. 

 arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 774 (1866) ; Ficallio, PI. Uteis, p. 257 

 (1884). 



Golungo Alto. — A branched shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high, perhaps a 

 tree ; branches sometimes pendulous, sometimes sarmentose-scandent, 

 flexuous, nodes tumid ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, brittle ; unripe 

 berries green. In rather elevated secondary woods, sprung up after 

 cultivation of the land, in Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia : fr. Feb. 

 1855. Also an evergreen tree of moderatesize, in Mata de Quisuculo, 

 8 Sept. 1855. No. 357- 



Island of St. Thomas.— A tree. In rather elevated mixed 



