512 Lxx. DiPSACE/E. [Cejjhctlaria 



Lopollo in January and February, and in combination with 



Clematis villosa produces the effect of pastures covered with snow. 



1. CEPHALARIA Schrad. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 159. 



1. C. centauroides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. iii. p. 49 (1818) ; 

 Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 251. 



HuiLLA. — A perennial herb, .3 to 5 ft. high ; stem ascending or erect, 

 fistular, hexagonal ; leaves opposite, remarkably polymorphous, the 

 lowest ones undivided, the middle ones pinnatifid, the highest ones 

 linear with 1 or 2 teeth at the base on each side or lanceolate and not 

 toothed ; the white-flowered heads terminal, globose-hemispherical, 

 not depressed, on very long peduncles ; leaves of the involucre 

 numerous, rounded-obtuse at the apex, rather rugose on the back, 

 densely ciliolate on the margin ; palese of the receptacle elongate- 

 obovate, concave, abruptly acuminate at the apex, half-embracing the 

 involucel which is tetragonal densely hirsute furrowed on the inner 

 face and crowned with 4 large more or less purpurascent teeth ; calyx- 

 (which perhaps might be regarded as a metamorphosis of the disk) 

 -tube adnate to the ovary, constricted below the circular patelliform 

 limb, crenulate on the margin with several erect more or less pur- 

 purascent teeth, densely shaggy inside ; corolla white, tubular, the 

 limb 4-cleft with obovate-spathulate Subequal spreading segments 

 shaggy outside with white hairs, the tube white-hairy on both sides ; 

 stamens 4, 1 to 3 of them sterile, white, far exserted ; ovary inferior 

 (or superior, if the involucel is considered to be a calyx and the calyx 

 a modified disk), 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; style filiform, white ; stigmas 

 various in the same head, sometimes linguiform, in other cases bifid 

 with the lobes either equal or one much shorter than the other. In 

 marshy places among tall grasses along the banks of streams at an 

 elevation of 5000 ft., near Lopollo, abundant ; fl. 26 March and April 

 1860. No. 522. 



2. SCABIOSA Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 159. 

 1. S. Columbaria L. Sp. PI, edit. i. p. 99 (1753); Hiern in Oliv. 



Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 252. 



HuiLLA. — Flowers in the living state violet-skyblue, soon turning 

 pale and whitish-yellow. In wooded meadows with short herbage 

 between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. Oct. 1850. Seen nowhere else 

 except about Lopollo. One of the innumerable forms of this species. 

 No. 520. In wooded meadows about Lopollo, near Catumba and by 

 the lake of Ivantala ; fl. Dec. 1859 ; fr. Feb. 1860. No. 521. 



LXXI. COMPOSITE. 



Welwitsch considered that in his herbarium from Angola 

 proper, the proportion of Compositae to the phanerogamic vegeta- 

 tion, as expressed in the number of species, was about a sixteenth 

 part ; whereas Robert Brown in the appendix to Tuckey's 

 Exjjedition stated, p. 445, that in the herbarium from the Congo 

 Compositse formed only one twenty-third part. In Welwitsch's 

 herbarium from Benguella and Huilla, the proportion was 

 estimated at one-ninth, or perhaps one-tenth, thus approaching 

 nearer to that prevaiUng in the flora of the Cape of Good Hope, 



