U8 
POPULAE SCIENCE NEWS. 
[Aur.usT, 1891. 
frog evidently desired a hearty meal, and had suc- 
ceeded in disposing of all but tlie feet of a frog 
fully two-thirds his size. I did not know before 
that frogs would eat their own kind, or that they 
took such large-sized mouthfuls. — Geokgk A. San- 
born, New York City. 
A SCHOOLBOY'S COMPOSITION ON BONES. 
The following composition was actually written 
for a school exercise, and is so amusing and bright 
that it was handed me by the teacher. The writer 
is not a member of the Agassiz Association, but 
he ought to be ! 
BONES. 
Bones are the framework of the body. If I had 
no bones in me I should not have as much shape 
as I have now. If I had no bones in me I should 
not have so much motion, and grandmother w ould 
be glad, but I like to have m6tion. Bones give 
me motion because they are something hard for 
motion to cling to. If I had no bones, my brains, 
lungs, heart, and large blood-vessels would be 
lying around in me and might get hurted, but now 
the bones get hurted, but not much unless it is a 
hard Mt. If my bones were burned I should be 
brittle, because it would take the animal out of 
me. If I was soaked in a acid I should be limber. 
Teacher showed us a bone that had been soaked. 
I could bend it easily. I would rather be soaked 
than burned. Some of my bones don't grow close 
to my body, snug, like tlie branches of a tree, and 
I am glad they don't, for if they did I could not 
play leap-frog and other nice games I know. The 
reason why they don't grow that w.ay is because 
they have joints. Joints is good things to have 
in bones. There are two kinds. The ball and 
socket, like my shoulder, is the best. Teacher 
showed it to me, only it was the thigh bone of an 
ox. One end was round, smooth, and whitish. 
That is the ball end. The other end was hollowed 
in deep. That is the socket, and it oils itself. It 
is the only machine that oils itself. Another joint 
is the hinge joint, like my elbow. It swings back 
and forth and it oils itself. It never creaks like 
the school-room door. There is another joint that 
don't seem like a joint. That is in the skull. It 
don't have no motion. All my bones put together 
in their right places make a skeleton. If I leave 
any out, or put any in their wrong places, it ain't 
no skeleton. Cripples and deformed people don't 
have no skeletons. Some animals have their 
skeletons on their outside. I am glad I ain't them 
animals; for my skeleton, like it is on the chart, 
would not look well on my outside. 
LIST OF THE PLANTS OP THE DISTRICT 
OF MOSCHAISK, GOVERNMENT OF MOS- 
COW, RUSSIA. 
BY MRS. OLGA FEDCHENKO. 
(Concluded.) 
This valuable and complete list of Russian 
plants was commenced in the May number, and 
is completed in this issue. The sign (*) stands in 
the list before the names of such plants as cannot 
strongly be considered as wild, but either are or 
have been cultivated and now grow wild in gar- 
dens. 
GBAMIN&S), jcss. (Concluded.) 
Festuca ovina, L., p durius- B. inoUia, I>. 
cula, Kocl). B. secalinus, L. 
F. rubra, L. Tritlcum repeiis, L. 
F. rubra, 3 arenaria, Osbeck. T. canliium, Schreb. 
F. gigantea, Vill. Lolium perenne, I/. 
F. clatior, L. L. temulentum, L. 
Bromus inermis, Leyss. Nardus atricta, L. 
B. arvensis, L. 
TTPHACE^, JUSS. 
Typha latifolia, L. S. simplex, /3 fluitans, Gren. 
Sparganium ramoBum,Flud8. S. minimum, Fries. 
8. simplex, Fluds. 
AKOIDE^, JUSS. 
Calla palustris, L. Acorus calamus, L. 
POTAME^, JUSS. 
/3 vulgaris. 
Garrulus glandariue, L. 
Pica caudata, L. 
Corvu3 monedula, L. 
C. comix, L. 
C. corax, h. 
C. frugilegus, L. 
Sturnus vulgaris, L. 
AnthUH arboreus, Bechst. 
Motacilla alba, L^ 
M. flava, L. 
Oriolus galbula, L. 
Turdus iliacus, L. 
T. musicue, L. 
T. ochropus, L. 
Actitis hypoleucos, L. 
Ascolopax gallinago, L. 
Scolopax rusticula, L. 
Ardea cinerea, L. 
A. stellariH, L. 
Auser cinereus, Mey. et Wolf 
Anas querquedula, L. 
A. boschas, L. 
A. crecca, L. 
Glaucion clangula, Ij. 
Larus ridlbuhdus, L. 
77 species. 
All are cordially invited to join the Agassiz 
Association. Illustrated circulars free. Address 
Mr. Harlan H. Ballard, Pittsfleld, Mass. 
The PHOTOCHRONOGRAni. — An invention of 
considerable importance in astronomy has been 
made at the Georgetown College Observatory. 
By means of an instrument called the photochro- 
nograph, a star is caused to record with absolute 
accuracy the time of its own transit across the 
meridian, thus eliminating all jjcrsonal errors. 
Bromide of Cadmium is still used by many 
photographers. In order to intensify a negative, 
it can be plunged Into a solution of ammonia, 
half-and-half, with water, and left there for a 
time. It is then washed and placed in an alco- 
holic solution of bromide of cadmium, one of 
bromide for 1,000 of spirit at 90°. The film dries 
in a few minutes and i)reseuts a fine black color. 
P. pusillus, L 
Fries. 
P. pusillus, o tenulssimus, 
MK. 
P. pectinatus, 1.. 
Potamogeton natans, L. 
P. rufescens, L. 
P. lucens, L. 
P. praelongas, Wulf. 
P. perfoliatus, L. 
P. crlspus, L. 
LEHNACE^, LINK. 
Splrodelapolyerhlza,Schleld. L. trisulca, L. 
Lemna minor, L. 
CONIFERS, JUSS. 
Juniperus communis, L. Picea vulgaris, Link. 
Pinus silvestrls, L. P. vulgaris, ^ uwarowi. 
ltcopoihacea;, dc. 
Lycopodlum complanatum, L. clavatum, L. 
L. L. annotinum, L. 
EQUISETACE^, DC. 
Equlsetum arvense, L. E. llmosum, L. 
E. silvatlcum, L. E. hyemalc, L. 
E. palustre, L. 
FILICE8, L. 
Opliioglossum vulgatum, L. P. splnulosum, DC. 
Botrychium lunaria, Swartz. Cystopteris fragills, Bernh. 
B. ruta^foUum, All. Asplenlum fllix femlna.Bernh 
Polypodluni dryopteris, L. Pteris aiiullina, L. 
Polystichum fllix mas, Roth. Struthioptcris germanica, 
P. crlstatum, Both. WUld. 
573 species, 45 varieties. 
LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE DIS- 
TRICT OF MOSCHAISK, GOVERNMENT OF 
MOSCOW, RUSSIA. 
liV BOlilCE FEDCHENKO. 
PAPILIONID.E 
Papilio machaon, L. 
Leucophasla siuapis, L. 
Pieris cratiegl, L. 
P. brassicae, L. 
P. rapae, L. 
P. napi, L. 
P. daplidice, L. 
P. cardaniines, L. 
Colias hyale, L. 
Gonopteryx rhamnl, L. 
Vanessa atalanta, L. 
V. antiopa, L. 
V. fo, L. 
V. urticae, L. 
V. xanthomeias, Esp. 
V. V-album, W. V. 
V. Calbum, L. 
V. cardui, L. 
V. prorsa, L. 
Melltha'a auriuia, Rott. 
M. cinxia, L. 
M. aUialia, Esp. 
Argynnis euphrosyne, I 
A. selene, W. V. 
A. ino, Bottb. 
A. nlobe, L. 
A. adlppe, L. 
A. aber cleodoxa, Ochs. 
A.dia, L. 
LIST OF THE BIRDS OF THE DISTRICT OF 
MOSCHAISK, GOVERNMENT OF MOSCOW, 
RUSSIA. 
BY BORICE FEDCHENKO. 
Falco subbuteo, L. 
Buteo vulgaris, L. 
Aquila (?) orientalis, Cal. 
Aetur nisus, L. 
Circus cyaneus, L. 
C. cineraceus, Mon. 
Ulula aluco, L. 
Aegolius otus, L. 
Surnia passerlna, L. 
Cypselus apus, L. 
Caprlmulgus europasus, L. 
Cuculus canorus, L. 
Picus marcius, L. 
P. major, L. 
Alauda arvensis, L. 
Emberiza citrlneila, L. 
Passer montanus, L. 
P. domesticus, L. 
Pyrrhula rublcUla, Pall. 
P. erythrlna. Pall. 
Fringilla carduells, L. 
F. cannabina, L. 
F. ciiaebs, L. 
Loxia curviro8tra7L. 
Parus caudatus, L. 
P. major, L. 
P. palustris, L. 
T. pilaris, L. 
Lusciola Philomela, Bechst. 
L. rubecula, L. 
L. phoonicurus, L. 
Saxlcola rubetra, L. 
S. (pnanthe, L. 
Lanlus collurlo, L. 
Muscicapa grisola, L. 
Hirundo urbica, L. 
H. rustica, L. 
H. riparia, L. 
Columba palumbus, L. 
C. livia, Briss. 
C. turtur, L. 
Tetrao tetrlx, L. 
Tetrastes bonasia, L. 
Starna cinerea, Briss. 
Ortygion coturnus, L. 
Crex pratensis, Bechst. 
Ortygometra porzana, L. 
Grus ciilerea, Bechst. 
Vanellua cristatus, Mey. et 
Wolf. 
Acglallthes curonlcus, 
Besecke. 
Totanus stagnatllis, Bechst. 
T. glareola, L. 
A. aglaia, L. 
A. latonla, L. 
A. paphia, L. 
Sphinx ligustri, L. 
S. galii, Rott. 
S. elpenor, L. 
S. porcellus, L. 
Smerinthus popuU, L. 
Trochilia apiformis, L. 
A. var. valesina, Esp. 
Limenitia Sibylla, L. 
L. populi, L. 
Apatura tlia, W. V. 
A. var. clytie. 
Satyrus briseis, L. 
Erebia medusa, W. V. 
E. medea, Esp. 
E. llgea, L. 
Pararge mjera, L. 
Epinephele hyperanthus, L. 
E. janira, L. 
E. lycaon, Rott. 
Cwnonympha iphis, W. V. 
C. pamphilus, L. 
Lycsena semlargus, Rott. 
L. icarus, Rott. 
L. Chiron, Rott. 
L. a;gon, AV. V. 
Polyommatus eurydice, Rott. 
P. virgaureai, L. 
P. phlaeas, L. 
Thecla rubi, L. 
T. betulae, L. 
Syrichtus althe.i!, Ilubn. 
S. alveolus, Ilubn. 
Carterocephalus paniBCUS,S1t. 
Hesperia comma, L. 
H. sylvanus, Esp. 
H. thaumas, Hfu. 
H. lineola, Ochs. 
SPHINQIDiE. 
S. ocellatus, L. 
Macroglossa stellatarum, L. 
M. bombyliformis, Ochs. 
M. fuciformis, L. 
ZYGMSIDM. 
Ino etatlc'es, L. 
Zygsena trifolii, Esp. 
Setlna mesomclla, L. 
Lithosia depressa, Esp. 
Z. centaurca, Fisch. 
LITH08ID.S).- 
Gnophria rubricollls, L. 
Arctla russula, L. 
A. planthaginis, L. 
A. var. hospita, W. V. 
A. caja, L. 
Orgyia antlqua, L. 
Dasychira fascelina, L 
D. pudibunda, L. 
CoBsus lignlperda, F. 
Ilepialus humuli, L. 
Drepana falcataria, L. 
ABCTIID^. 
A. urticae, Esp. 
A. lubricliicda, F. 
A. menthastri, ^Y. V. 
LIPAEIDJE. 
Leucoma sallcls, L. 
Laria V-nigrum, F. 
OOSSID^. 
HEPIALID.*;. 
H. sylvanus, L. 
DBEFANICS. 
BOMBYCID.*;. 
Gastropacha quercifoUa, L. G. lanestris, L. 
G. potatoria, L. G. ncustria, L. 
G. qucrcus, L. Lasiocampa taraxais, W. V. 
G. rubi, L. 
(7V> be continued.) 
