102 POL'I.TRY DISKASES AND T I IK IK TKKATMKNT. 



Tin.' l)ii(ls which ;irc hcing treated should he kept in a (hy. 

 warm, well ventilated ronni with good nourishing food. The 

 drinking water should lie frequently changed. 



Prognosis. In infected flocks this disease caused a direct an- 

 nual loss of lo to 15 per cent of the flock. Also many hirds 

 contract a clironic form of the disease wliirli affects them for 

 nioiitli^ or years. Careful indiviihial treatment will save the 

 lives of many l)irds. l)ut such treatiuent is economically inadvis- 

 ahle except in case of A'cry xaluahle l)irds. 



"Pip" ( Inflanniiation of the Month). 



l\.t)binson describes "pilJ " as follows: '" "I'il' is a term in very 

 common use among poultry keepers, and applied chiefly to a 

 symptom occurring in many cases of cold or fever when the nos- 

 trils lieing obstructed and the fowls l)reathing through the mouth 

 the skin of the mouth and tongue become hard and dry, and 

 a bony tip may form on the tongue by the hardening and drying 

 of the skin of that menil)er, this condition being aggravated 

 when catarrhal discharges adhere to the skin and dry and accu- 

 mulate." 



Etiology. It would apjK'ar to be the case that the symptoms 

 above described originated from different causes in dilterent 

 cases. The trouble may lie due to specific infection, though a 

 particular organism has not yet Ijcen definitely isolated as the 

 cause. In some cases the symptom is apparently purely physi- 

 ological, arising from a failure of tlie mucus-secreting glands to 

 function properly, owing to a lowered physiological condition. 



Treatment. The essential points in the treatment of this dis- 

 eased condition is first to treat the ])rimary cause (cold, catarrh, 

 etc.). In removing the scale or ''pip' gentle mcastires are to 

 be followed, otherwise a raw surface likeh- to ulcerate, will be 

 left. 



The following advice as to treatment, given by Salmon, is 

 excellent. 



"In case of simply drying of tlie nioutli, it is sufficient to 

 moisten the tongue with a few drops of a mixture of equal 

 parts of glycerine and water. In case tlierc is redness of the 

 membrane, or if the e])ithelium is l)eginning to separate, or if 

 a deposit has formed, add 20 grains of chlorate of potash to 

 each ounce of this mixture. An excellent remedv for such cases 

 is made by dissolving 15 grains of boric acid in an ounce of 



