anato:my op the fowl 21 



(57) and unites to the breastbone by means of a ligament. 

 The superior extremity rests within and opposite the glenoid 

 cavity, against the scapula (24) and coracoid (34). These 

 three bones form a passageway through which extends the 

 tendon of the levator muscle of the wing. This ])one is termed 

 the "wish bone." Its forks are elastic and prevent the wings 

 coming toward each other during contraction of the depressor 

 muscles. The os coracoideum (34), with the scapula, forms a 

 glenoid cavity at its proximal end in which articulates the 

 head of the humerus. Inferiorly it articulates with the ster- 

 num. The OS humeri (22) presents an articular head inferiorly 

 which occupies the glenoid cavity. It articulates superiorly 

 with the radius (15) and ulna (21). The os ulnae is 

 larger than the radius. This bone articulates inferiorly 

 with the humerus and superiorly with the carpus in company 

 with the radius and is provided with a short olecranon in- 

 feriorly. The two bones meet at l)oth extremities but bow 

 apart in the middle. A strong ligament binds the ends so 

 that pronation and supination is impossible. This limits 

 movements to a gliding motion lengthwise. The carpus is 

 made up of two bones, the os carpi radiale (14) and the os 

 carpi ulnare (20). The metacarpus (17) consists originally 

 of two bones but they are fused or consolidated at the ex- 

 tremities. The first digit, thumb or false wing bone (16) is 

 a styloid-shaped phalanx. The second, middle or large digit 

 (18), consists of two phalanges, the second phalanx (34), and 

 the third or rather rudimentary finger (19). 



The pelvis is voluminous and very strong. The three pairs 

 of bones composing it are: the ilium (25) ; the ischium (30) ; 

 and the pubis (36). 



The ilium is long and is consolidated with the last two 

 dorsal, the lumbar and the sacral vertebrae. It is excavated 

 on the internal face to receive the kidneys. 



The ischium forms a part of the sides of the pelvic cavity. 



The pubis is long and thin and extends along the inferior 

 border of the ischium. 



The femur or thigh bone (35) articulates superiorly with 

 the ilium by the cotyloid cavity. This cavity is provided 

 with a foramen or opening at its bottom which passes through 

 the bone. The femur articulates inferiorly with the patella 

 (46), the fibula (43) and with the tibia (47). The fibula 

 articulates superiorly with the external condyle of the femur 

 and the head of the tibia and inferiorly is consolidated with 

 the tibia. The tibia terminates below in two condyles which 

 articulate with the proximal end of the metatarsus, (48). The 



