SKCTIOX II 



SANITATION 



AYhere any considera])le nuiiil)er of birds are brought to- 

 gether on limited grounds, disease is certain to appear among 

 them sooner or later. The greater the number of birds kept 

 on any given area, other things l)eing equal, the sooner disease 

 will appear, the more rapidly will it spread, and the greater 

 will be the loss from it. 



All intelligently directed measures to prevent or delay the 

 appearance of disease in a flock, all sane measures to limit its 

 spread and encompass its eradication, constitute sanitation. 

 ^Measures, the purpose of which are to cure the sick birds or 

 relieve their suffering, come under the head of therapeutics 

 or therapy. 



On farms of considerable size, where attention is given 

 chiefly to general crops, and but few fowls are kept on a 

 practically unlimited range, the loss from disease may be 

 small, where indifferent or even bad sanitation prevails ; but 

 in intensive poultry plants, where the numlier of birds is large 

 for the size of the range, there can be no continued exemption 

 from devastating epiornithics, if reasonable sanitation is not 

 enforced. Any attempt to operate such a plant in insanitary 

 buildings and yards, or under conditions that do not permit 

 of sanitation, while it may succeed for a time, will result in 

 loss oftener than otherwise, and, in the end, must inevitably 

 fail. 



SITE FOR POULTRY PLANT 



A rolling, or even steep, plot of ground is desirable for the 

 location of the poultry houses and runs for the fowls. Good 

 drainage is a necessary requirement, and must be provided 

 for artificially if the location is such that natural drainage is 

 not perfect. 



The surface of the poultry yard nuist be free from un- 

 evenness, so that water will not colh^ct in small pools. 



The poultry runs an<l l)uildings should have a free ex- 

 posure to sunlight, though some shade must be provided for 

 protection during excessively hot sununer days. 



The soil should contain a goodly proportion of sand. It is 

 very desiral)le that it be of such a nature that the runs will 

 not readily become nuiddy dui'ing wet weatlier, and such that 



