SANITATION 61 



quite variable in composition. It should I)e used in five per 

 cent solution. Use two pounds of the crude carl)olic acid to 

 each five gallons of the whitewash. Cresol, another of the 

 coal tar products, gives satisfactory results in two per cent 

 solution (one pint to six gallons Avater). Pure carbolic acid 

 is rathci' too expensive for this sort of disinfection • if used, a 

 live per cent solution (one pint to two and one-half gallons 

 water) should be employed. Kreso dip (Parke, Davis & Co., 

 Detroit), zenoleum (Zenner Disinfectant Co., Detroit), liquor 

 eresolus compositus (U. S. P.), creolin (Pearson), and many 

 other standardized coal tar disinfectant dips, may be used. 



The coal tar disinfectant dips when mixed with water i)ro- 

 duce a soapy emulsion. The alkalinity of the soap is a fac- 

 tor that assists in its penetration, although kreso and like 

 products penetrate almost any place, yet the soapy emulsion 

 helps to bring into activity the cresols and hydrocarbons of 

 the products. 



Eecently it has been shown that a one per cent creolin 

 solution in low grade kerosene used as a spray is a very 

 effective parasiticide. Any of the standardized coal tar dis- 

 infectant dips may be likewise used. 



While spraying is in progress, remove all eggs from the 

 nests, as eggs readily absorb objectionable odors. 



Heat is one of the most reliable disinfectants. It may be 

 utilized in poultry house disinfection in the form of a flame 

 from a gasoline blow torch. Every portion of the walls, ceil- 

 ing, floor, roosts, nests and boxes must be carefully flamed. 

 This method, though tedious, is effective. Used with ordi- 

 nary care, it is devoid of danger to the operator or building. 



Disinfection of Yards 



A complete disinfection of poultry yards and runs, that 

 is,- a destruction of all the disease germs and parasites witli 

 which the premises may be contaminated by an infected flock, 

 is scarcely possible by the ordinary means employed in poul- 

 trv house disinfection. Fortunatelv it is seldom necessarv. 



When it is remembered that the germs of nearly all dis- 

 eases, and the eggs of nearly all internal parasites of poultry, 

 are eliminated in the dejecta (feces) of affected birds, the 

 danger from contaminated runs will be better appreciated, 

 and with the realization that each mature hen produces nearly 

 thirty pounds of manure per year, the importance of the yards 

 as a factor in the spread of disease is seen to be very great. 



The problem of having clean (non-infected) yards for 

 ]>oultry can be solved only by a change of grounds from 

 time to time. As mentioned heretofore, the movable poultry 



