INTERNAL PARASITES 89 



like infestations by parasites in the larger animals and in man. 

 At times the worms are found in large masses, partially 

 obstructing- the bowel, causing constipation, and possibly irri- 

 tation suificient to set ui) inflammation. There mav be a loss 



1- M^ 



of appetite, unthrifty condition, unkempt appearance of plum- 

 age, dullness, languor and drooping \vings, emaciation, loss 

 of color f]*om the comb and mucous membranes followed by 

 death in a few weeks. 



By careful examination of the contents of the digestive tract 

 of the birds killed for food purposes the poultry raiser may 

 keep informed as to whether this form of parasitism is present 

 in his flock. If these worms are present in members of the 

 flock close observation will occasionally discover them passed 

 in the feces. 



Treatment. — It is necessary to keep the yard and henhouse 

 clean, lime scattered on the floor and about the yard, and 

 the water for the birds kept in a clean fountain and the food 

 in clean troughs, made for the purpose, and disinfected daily, 

 and so constructed that birds cannot step into them. If at 

 all possible, birds should be moved upon new ground. The 

 parasites' eggs in the droppings removed from the henhouse 

 may be destroyed by mixing the manure with unslaked lime. 



The birds may be given one teaspoonful of turpentine fol- 

 lowed by a tablespoonful of olive oil. If the crop is full the 

 dose of turpentine should be doubled. Five to ten grain doses 

 of areca nut is a good treatment. The areca nut can be mixed 

 with soft feed and fed from a clean trough ; it acts as a ca- 

 thartic as well as a parasiticide. One grain doses of thj^nol 

 are an excellent treatment for round worms. Two grains of 

 santonin for each bird is likewise an effective treatment. 



Heterakis Papillosa 



This is another very common worm and is usually found 

 in the ceca or blind guts. The author has found it present 

 in about fifty per cent of the adult birds autopsied in his in- 

 vestigation work among poultry during the past ten years. 

 It is spoken of as the small round worm by poultrymen. 



Bescription. — This worm is much smaller than the Ascaris inflexa, 

 being only about one-fourth to one-half inch long. It is white in 

 color. Fig. 37 illustrates the male and female, natural size. Fig. 38 

 illustrates the head parts, magnified several times, and Fig. 39 the 

 caudal or posterior end of the male, magnified several diameters. 



Ijife History. — So far as known the life history is the same as 

 that of the Ascaris inflexa. While the latter infests the small in- 

 testines as stated above, this one is found principally in the ceca 

 or blind guts. 



Symptoms of hifestaiiou. — "When present in large numbers 



