90 



POULTKY DISEASES 



the small round intestinal worm of chickens {Ileterakis papil- 

 losa) produces considerable irritation and results in an un- 

 thrifty condition of the affected bird. It robs the host of 

 nutrients, as does the Ascaris. 



Treatment. — Sanitary measures for the prevention and erad- 

 ication of this parasitism and directions for its treatment are 

 the same as for Ascans inflexa. (See page 89.) 



Powdered areca nut, powdered pomegranate root bark, tur- 

 pentine, gasoline, iron sulphate, and tobacco, given both alone 

 and in various combinations in the form of pills or mixed 

 with food, are effective. 



Tobacco stems when finely chopped, steeped in water for 

 two lumrs, and the stems and liquid mixed with the mash 



Fig. 39. Heterakis Papillosa, Tail Extremity (Greatly Magnified). 

 A, spiculae; B, preanal sucker; C, papilla. 



are readily eaten by the fowls and give uniformly good re- 

 sults. The fowls which are very badly infested with round- 

 worms are in most instances entirely freed from these para- 

 sites after two doses. 



Spiroptera Hamulosa 



This is the gizzard worm of chickens. Specimens have been 



sent to the author's laboratory from ^Missouri only. 



Description. — The male measures about one-half inch In length 

 and the female about three-quarters of an inch. Fig. 40 illustrates 

 the worms, natural size. 



Symptoms of Infestation. — The economic significance of this 

 parasitism is due chiefly to the loss of weight and the stunted 

 growth which it causes. The affected birds become anemic, 

 emaciated, extremely lazy and have a ravenous appetite. Tlie 

 worms produce nodules in the walls of the gizzard. The birds 

 become infested from eating food contaminated or soiled with 

 the excrement of infested l)irds or by taking in young, imma- 

 ture worms through soiled food and water. 



Treatment. — The treatment is difficult owing to the fact 



