1)4 POULTRY DISEASES 



Heterakis Maculosa 



A round, white worm found in intestinal vesicles of the pigeon. 

 The male is about three-fourths of an inch and the female about 

 one inch long. At times this worm is a serious menace to the flock, 

 killing many birds. The symptoms are similar to those produced in 

 chickens by round worms. 



Dispharagus Nasutus (Filaria Tite), Dispharagus Spiralis and Dis- 



pharagus Laticeps 



These sometimes infest the crop and stomach of the chicken. 

 They are slender round worms and sometimes cause catarrh and 

 if in very large numbers the bird becomes emaciated and dies. 



Trichosoma Contortum 



This worm infests the crop of ducks and geese. It causes catarrh, 

 dilation of the crop and emaciation. The bird appears dull and may 

 show epileptiform symptoms. After the crop has been infested for 

 about ten days severe symptoms may appear. Obstruction of the 

 crop often follows. A positive diagnosis may be made by irrigating 

 the crop and washing out the small whip-like worms. Both macro- 

 scopic and microscopic examination of the material washed from the 

 crop should be made. 



Treatrnent has been rather unsatisfactory. Keep the birds away 

 from infected water. Give each bird one grain thymol and one 

 teaspoonful epsom salts. 



TAPEWORMS 

 Flat Segmented Worms 



Tapeworms inhabit the intestinal tracts of all species of 

 birds, animals and men. More than thirty different species of 

 tapeworms have been recorded in poultry. 



Tapeworms differ from round worms, in that they have no 

 complete digestive tract, are flat and segmented and have no 

 distinct sex; that is, the male and the female are combined 

 in a single individual (hermaphrodite). The tapeworms all 

 live in the intestinal tract, in their adult stage, and absorb, 

 through their integument, nutrients, taken in and digested by 

 their host ; thus they rob their host of food nutrients. The spe 

 cies studied in the author's lal)oratory are from chickens. Tlic 

 worm is divided into a head, neck and body. The head is ]U'o- 

 vided with four suckers and in some species w cii'cular row of 

 booklets. The neck in some species is long, in others short, but 

 always unsegmented. The body is composed of segments 

 Tliese segments grow from the neck. At lii'st they are short 

 and narrow, but ])ecome longer and wider as the distance 

 from the head increases. At varying distances from the head 

 the segments become mature, that is, fully developed sexually, 

 and ready to propagate. Each segment is really a separate 

 animal and is a henna plirodite, that is, provided with both 

 male and female generative organs. Each segment iinpreg- 



