DISEASES OF TllK J)1(;ESTIVE TKWCT 109 



cytosis), thrombocytes, 184,000. The differential count showed: 

 eosinophiles, 37 per cent; neutrophiles, 2 per cent; lymphocytes, 

 small. 52 per cent, large 5 per cent; mononuclear lymphocytes, 4 

 per cent ; mast cells, none. 



This bird died at the end of sixty hours. At the autopsy there 

 was noted a fibrinous peritonitis; some petechiae on mucous mem- 

 branes; the liver enlarged, dark and weighing seventy-two grams 

 (thirty-five grams is the normal weight lor a bird of the sir.e of 

 this one). From the blood the germ was isolated in pure culture as 

 before. 



f\\''ard found in experimental cases of fowl cholera there was 

 a destruction of red blood cells and in some an increase of white 

 blood cells — leukocytes.] 



In describing this outbreak among ducks the owner wrote in 

 part, as follows: 



"Regarding the success I have had in the treatment of cholera 

 among the ducks with the sulphocarbolates of sodium, calcium, /inc 

 and copper, I will, as best I can, give you an idea as to the results 

 and the conditions under which we had to work. 



"To begin with we had a large number (about 500) to handle and 

 had to send away for the tablets, which delayed us in beginning 

 the treatment of the disease, and, of course, conditions were pretty 

 bad when we did get started. 



"Xext we ran into a long stretch of cold weather, the feed froze 

 up nearly as soon as we put it out in the troughs if it was moistened 

 and the drug mixed with it, same thing happened with the water, 

 so we were sure that the ducks were not getting enough of the 

 sulphocarbolates. However, the death rate dropped down about 

 one-fourth in two weeks. As soon as the weather warmed up several 

 snows fell at intervals of about a week, so that the pens were wet 

 and it was hard to disinfect them and difficult to keep the ducks 

 from drinking the water that stood about in the pens. In this 

 way they avoided getting the drug that was dissolved in the water 

 in their drinking fountains. We finally got around that by sprink- 

 ling the yards heavily with some coal-tar dip. so that the ducks 

 would not drink this water, but would go to the fountains. This 

 was made rather expensive for the water from the outside would 

 run into the pens and soon dilute the dip already out so that the 

 ducks would soon be drinking this water again. This meant more 

 dip, and the cost of the dip was soon an important item. A con- 

 siderable quantity of the sulphocarbolates used under these condi- 

 tions was wasted, for when the feed or water would freeze we had 

 to chop it out of the troughs and thus lose some. The cost of what 

 we used amounted to seven cents per duck. 



"If we let up using the drug the ducks would begin dying again, 

 but I do not think it had a fair trial during the first part of the 

 treatment. As soon as the weather got better the death-rate was 

 lowered, and now I believe we have the disease under control. 

 Tender favorable conditions I believe this means of controlling 

 cholera would work very nicely. That it will render a flock im- 

 mune for any length of time I rather doubt. I gave my chickens 

 a three weeks' round of the treatment and for a month now they 

 havp been all right, but this morning I noticed a few of them acting 

 as if they were in the cholera business again. 



Treatment: Eradication. — The prerms are found in the dis- 

 ohai'fire from the bowel and are carried on the feet into feed 

 and water troughs, or are picked up from the ground with the 



