126 - POULTRY DISEASES 



at autopsy showed a large mass at the lower part of the crop. 

 There was almost a continuous layer extending over the mucous 

 membrane from the larvnx to the bronchi. At the point of entrance 

 of the lungs by the bronchi, there were observed greenish gan- 

 grenous spors. The lower bowel was filled with a soft, greenish 

 white fecal matter. 



"Case 5.— The symptoms of this bird were those of going light. 

 This bird appeared rather full between the anus and sternum. Upon 

 making an incision the intestines and liver were apparently forced 

 out of the opening. The liver was enormously enlarged. The center 

 was filled with a large cheesy mass, deep yellow or orange in color. 

 There were small spots of this substance throughout the liver. There 

 were also deposits along the course of the intestines. 



"Case 6;— This bird passed through the typical symptoms of going 

 light. Great marasmus and cachexia. There was no indication of 

 cheesv matter in the mouth or head. The usual whitish fecal matter 

 was found in the lower bowel. The skin appeared leathery and 

 dark. The abdominal cavity was crowded as in case No. 5. The 

 entire abdominal cavity was covered with material which was closely 

 adherent and seemed very tough. 



"In these birds there appears to be no rise in temperature. The 

 average temperature of old birds is about 108 degrees Fahrenheit 

 and of squabs as soon as they leave the nest perhaps a trifle higher. 

 Squabs in the nest appear to have a trifle lower temperature than 

 those that have left the nest. The hen with squabs just hatched per- 

 haps runs a trifle higher." 



In a study of the lesion of the esophagus of the squab there was 

 found that the underlying structures, in this case connective tissue 

 in the throat region, was invaded with polymorphonuclear leukocytes 

 and Impyhocytes. Farther along there is but a mass of leukocytes 

 which have now become pus cells and finally a piled up mass of. at 

 first caseating pus cells in different stages of disintegration, and then 

 simply a homogeneous mass which stains uniformly pink with the 

 hematoxylon-eosin stain. Like in the fowl, pus in the pigeon is not 

 liquid or semi-liquid but of a cheesy nature. 



Treatment. — I have successfully treated some of these cases 

 by curetting out the throat which is made possible by grasp- 

 ing the throat below the tumefaction and forcing it upward, 

 then inserting through the mouth the curette and removing 

 the cheesy mass. Then this part is injected by means of a 

 dropping pipette with iodin. ah-ohol or what is acting very 

 nicely is the menthol, oil eucalyptus and oil thyme given 

 under roup treatment. A similar disease has been studied in 

 the fowl, in wliich cases the croupous mass accuunilates in the 

 pharyngeal region and can l)e easily scraped olf. The parts 

 are then treated the same as in the pigeon. 



COCCIDIOSIS IN WILD DUCKS 



Two wild ducks (mallai'ds) were sent to the laboratory by 

 the game warden of Colorado during the fall of 1910, with 

 tlie history lliat thev had been found dead on a i-eservoir, and 



