];U POULTRY DISEASES 



Postmortem Findings. — Small pinpoint hemorrhages may 

 be noted, especially in the mucous lining of the intestines. 

 Usually the digestive tract contains feed in all stages of diges- 

 tion, indicating that the disease is very rapid in its onset. 

 Considerable mucus may be found in the mouth and throat. 

 Inflammation may be noted in the liver, pericardium (heart 

 sac), spleen and kidneys. 



Treatment. — Sanitary measures the same as those given for 

 chicken cholera. (See page 110.) 



FOWL TYPHOID. INFECTIOUS LEUKEMIA 



This is due to a short, plump germ with rounded ends. It 

 is called the Bacterium sanguinarium, and is easily isolated 

 from birds dead of the disease. It reproduces the disease in 

 inoculated birds, multiplying in the blood. 



The disease is confined to chickens. The period of incuba- 

 tion is given as one to two months. The course of the disease 

 is from one to two weeks to as long as three months. Birds 

 rarely recover. 



Symptoms. — Anemic or blanched appearance of the mucous 

 membrane of the head, with a dull appearance and great pros- 

 tration, usually ending in death in about four days, is charac- 

 teristic of this disease. In some cases the affected bird may 

 live three to four Aveeks. ]\Ioore reports a decrease in red blood 

 cells and an increase in white blood cells, the latter princi- 

 pally the polymorplionulear leukocytes. 



Postmortem Finclings. — The liver is enlarged and mottled 

 with greyish patches, due to areas of leukocytic invasion. The 

 germ can be isolated from the internal organs. The kidney 

 shows congestion, which may be recognized by the minute red 

 lines. The intestines may be congested. The spleen usually 

 appears normal in size and color. The red blood cells gradu- 

 ally diminish and a leukocytosis (an increase of the white 

 blood cells) appears. 



MYELOID LEUKEMIA 



Schmeisser has shown that spontaneous leukemia occurs in 

 the fowl. It is transmissible by the intravenous or intra-pei'i- 

 toneal injection of an organic emulsion. 



Tlie chemical picture and changes produced in the blood 

 and organs are analogous to those which occur in hunuin leu- 

 kemia. 



In a case of spontaneous leukemia the following differential count 

 was found: 



Polymorphonuclear with eosinophilic rods 8 per cent 



Polymorphonuclear with eosinophilic granules per cent 



