IGO POrLTRY DISEASES 



It was found that of 880 birds autopsied at that station 79. or 8.96 

 per cent, had tumors; that is, there were 90 cases of tumors per 

 1,000 birds. 



There was no significant difference in frequency of occurrence of 

 tumors between birds that died from natural causes and apparently 

 normal birds that were killed. 



There is a significant correlation between age and the occurrence 

 of tumors. Only 7.37 per cent of the birds under two and one-half 

 years of age had tumors, while neoplasms were present in 19.17 

 per cent of those that were over that age. 



In birds with tumors which died from natural causes, the tumors 

 were the probable cause of death in from one-third to one-half of 



the cases. 



There was a tendency to the association of hypertrophied liver, 

 spleen or kidney with the presence of tumors in other organs. 



Death often resulted from internal hemorrhage from the tumors, 

 the underlying tissue, or the hypertrophied liver or spleen. 



The tumors can be classified into cystic and tissue tumors; 22.78 

 per cent of the tumors were cystic and 74.68 per cent were of solid 

 tissue structure. There were two cases of tissue tumors to which 

 cysts were attached. 



In the females the organs most frequently affected were the genital 

 organs; 37.76 per cent of all tumors being in the ovary and 18.36 

 per cent in the oviduct and oviduct ligament. 



In most cases the tumors were confined to one organ. In fifteen 

 cases, however, the tumor had evidently undergone metastasis, since 

 tumors of similar nature occurred in from two to four organs. 



HEMATOMA, BLOOD TUMORS 



Occasionally considerable hemorrhage takes place in the 

 ova as they are in process of formation. These fail to find 

 their way into the oviduct and become hematomata, or blood 

 tumors. ' Fig. 60 illustrates one of these cases, natural size. 

 The sectioned surfaces of two of the tumors is shown. 



Exciting causes, like those that cause inflammation and 

 congestion, are present. A rupture of a small, congested 

 vessel causes the clot. Ergot in small quantities should be 

 given to combat the condition. 



MULTIPLE TUMORS OF THE OVARY 



One of the commonest of tumors consists of yolks, or ova, 

 which have formed, but failed to enter the oviduct. Later 

 these masses become hard and irregular in shape, yellowish 

 in color, consisting of dried (inspissated) yolks forming; con- 

 centric layers. Ovarian infection by the Bacterium pullorum 

 is a common cause of this condition. Fig. 61 illustrates one 

 of these cases, natural size. 



CYSTIC OVARY 



Cystomata, or cysts, are found at times in the ovaries. These 

 cysts are apparently imperfectly developed ova varying in 



