238 POULTRY DISEASES 



QUININ SULPHATE 



Source — Obtained by boiling cinchona bark with hydrochloric acid 

 and adding lime to the filtered decoction. 



Properties — White, silky, light and fine needle-shaped crystals, 

 with bitter taste. 



Action — Retards metabolism and thus lessens the production of 

 heat in the tissues. It dilates the vessels of the skin and therefore 

 induce loss of heat. 



Indications — Cold, bronchitis and pneumonia. 



Dose — For adult fowl, 2 to 3 grains three times daily. 



SANTONIN 



Source — A neutral principle obtained from santonica. Santonica 

 is derived from worm seed. 



Properties — A colorless, flattened, prismatic crystal, odorless and 

 almost tasteless. 



Action — Destroys intestinal parasites. 



Indications — Infestation of intestines with worms. 



Dose — For adult fowls, one-fourth grain. 



SODIUM CHLORID (Common or table salt) 



Source — Mined in native state or obtained by evaporation of brine, 

 spring or sea water. 



Properties — Colorless, transparent, cubical crystals or a white 

 crystalline powder with salty taste, permanent in dry air. 



Action — Essential constituent of the food, since it is necessary to 

 the composition of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice and of 

 blood plasma, from which it is constantly eliminated in the urine. 

 Herbivorous and grain-eating animals require sodium chlorid in ad- 

 dition to that contained in their food. While the blood is rich in 

 sodium salts, vegetables are particularly rich in potassium salts. 



Birds deprived of salt suffer from anemia and general weakness. 

 Birds cannot tolerate large doses of table salt. 



Use — The mash should contain from one-half to one pound to 

 each one hundred pounds of mash, and this should be thoroughly 

 mixed. 



SODIUM SULPHATE (Glauber, salts) 



Source — The neutralized residue left in the manufacture of hydro- 

 chloric acid from salt with sodium carbonate. 



Properties — Large, colorless, transparent monoclinic prisms or 

 granular crystals, odorless and possessing a bitter, salty taste. Upon 

 exposure to the air it gradually becomes a fine powder and loses its 

 water of crystallization. 



Action — A cathartic producing a watery stool. 



Dose — One tablespoonful to each 12 adult fowls. Younger birds 

 in proportion. It is best given dissolved in water and this mixed 

 with mash. It is dangerous to attempt to pour liquids down the 

 throat of birds, as there is great danger of their passing into the 

 superior larynx and lungs. By looking into the throat of a bird 

 while holding the mouth open one can observe the entrance into 

 the air passage open and close. 



Indications — Constipation. 



STRYCHNIN SULPHATE 



Source — The alkaloid (an active principle of nux vomica). Strych- 

 nin sulphate is formed by the action of sulphuric acid on strychnin. 



