200 



THE PRACTICAL HORSESHOER. 



sole. (The owner must see to it that dirt and g-ravel do not 

 get lodged under the concavit3^) Now set up calks to keep 

 the frog- and sole from stones and bruising, and we have 

 about the method that should be pursued in shoeing- flat 

 feet. Now, is anythhig- the matter ? Yes ; the frog gets 

 no bearing. Well, what of that ? Wh}^, the frog is the 



Fig. 112— iletUod of Applying a. Spi'ing to a Shoe for the Protection of the Frog. 



cushion on which the bottom bone rests, and because the 

 frog- gets no g-round bearing-, the frog and sole are forced 

 down by tbe weight of the horse and the rim of the foot is 

 forced up. This is what causes the tortoise-shell shape 

 alluded to above. The frog must have a bearing in order 

 to prevent the foot bones from pushing through the bottom 

 of the foot. This calls for the spring-bar, which is better 



