lO 



NATURE 



[September 23, 1915 



gastropods, which are characteristic of the Upper 

 Miocene or Messinlan deposits of northern Germany, 

 constitutes further evidence in favour of a greater 

 antiquity for this limestone than that of the Red Crag ; 

 it is, therefore, considered to be of CoralHne Crag age. 

 — VV. R. Jones : The origin of the tin-ore deposits of 

 the Kinta district, Perak (Federated Malay States). 

 Certain tin-ore-bearing clays occurring in the Kinta 

 district have been described as being of glacial origin, 

 and the tin-ore which they contain as having been 

 derived from "some mass of tin-bearing granite and 

 rocks altered by it, distinct from and older than the 

 Mesozoic Granite " (that is, than the granite now 

 in situ in the Kinta district). These clays are stated 

 to have furnished a more valuable horizon on climatic 

 evidence than can be afforded by limited collections of 

 fossils in rocks far removed from Europe. The 

 importance is urged of the origin of these clays in a 

 country where, on one hand, they vield an important 

 part of the world's output of tin-ore, and where, on 

 the other, they have been used as the horizon on which 

 to base the geological age of rocks which cover about 

 a third of the surface of the Malay Peninsula. If of 

 glacial origin, a vast tin-field remains to be discovered. 

 The object is to show that all the tin-ore found in 

 these clays is derived from rocks now in situ in the 

 Kinta district ; that it is not necessary to bring in 

 glacial action to explain and to show that a simple 

 interpretation may be given to the geology of the 

 Kinta district. The sources of the tin-ore are : — 

 (i) the stanniferous granite of the Main Range; 



(2) other granite outcrops known to carry cassiterite ; 



(3) the granitic intrusions in the phyllites and schists ; 

 and (4) the granitic intrusions traversing the lime- 

 stone. The angularity of the boulders and of the tin 

 ore in some of these clays is due (i) to weathering 

 in situ of the phyllites and schists, which then sink 

 on the dissolving limestone underneath ; (2) to soil- 

 creep effecting the same result ; (3) to the breaking up 

 of the weathered cassiterite-bearing boulders in the 

 alluvium. More than 90 per cent, of the ore worked 

 in the Kinta district is obtained from mines situated 

 at less than a mile from granite or from granitic 

 intrusions. 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Tables for Converting Shillings, Pence, and 

 Farthings into 7 Places of Decimals of a Pound; and 

 for the re-Conversion of Decimals. Pp. 8. (London : 

 C. and E. Layton.) is. net. 



Memoirs of the Indian Museum. Vol. v.. No. i. 

 Fauna of the Chilka Lake. By N. Annandale and 

 S. Kemp. Pp. iii+146 + x plates. (Calcutta: Indian 

 Museum.) 15 rupees. 



A First Book of Arithmetic. Bv S. Lister. Pp. 

 vii + 258. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 

 15. 6d. 



Alcohol and the Human Body. Bv Sir V. Horsley 

 and Dr. M. D. Sturge. Fifth edition, enlarged. Pp. 

 xxviii -h 339. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 

 IS. net. 



Science of Dairying. By W. A. G. Penlington. 

 Pp. viiI + 260. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 

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Laboratory Exercises, arranged to accompany 

 " First Course in Chemistry." By Profs. W. 

 McPherson and W. E. Henderson. Pp. x+128. 

 (Boston and London : Ginn and Co.) 2s. 



The Essentials of Agriculture. By W. J. Waters. 

 Pp. x + 455 + xxxvi. (Boston and London : Ginn and 

 Co.) 55. 6d. 



Diversions of a Naturalist. Bv Sir Ray Lankester. 

 Pp. xvi + 424. (London : Methuen and Co., Ltd.) 6s. 

 NO. 2395, VOL. 96] 



A Concise Kaffir-English Dictionary. By J. 

 McLaren. Pp. xv+194. (London: Longmans and 

 Co.) 3s. 6d. 



A Manual of Pharmacology. By Prof. W, E. 

 Dixon. Fourth edition. Pp. xii + 467. (London : E. 

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On the Prevention of "Frost-bite" and other 

 Effects of Cold. By S. Del^pine. Pp. 32. (London : 

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Some Aspects of Industrial Chemistry. By Dr. 

 L. H. Baekeland. Pp. 43. (New York : Columbia 

 University Press; London: Oxford University Press.) 

 15. 6d. net. 



Dove Marine Laboratory, Cullercoats, Northumber- 

 land. Report for the Year ending June 30, 19 15. 

 Edited by Prof. A. Meek. Pp. 59. (Newcastle-on- 

 Tyne : Cail and Sons.) 55. 



Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera Omnia. Edidit 

 I. L. E. Dreyer. Tomus II. Pp. 461. (Hauniae ; 

 Libraria Gyldendaliana.) 



John Dalton's Lectures and Lecture Illustrations. 

 Parts i. and ii. Bv Prof. .W. W. H. Gee. Part iii. 

 By Dr. H. F. Coward and Dr. A. Harden. Pp. 66. 

 (Manchester : 36 George Street.) is. 6d. 



West of Scotland Agricultural College, Glasgow. 

 Calendar for Session 1915-16. Pp. 242. (Glasgow : 

 The College.) 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The Citizen and the State. By A. E. Crawley . . 83 

 Chemistry and the Microscope. By Dr. A. E. H. 



Tutton, F.R.S 84 



Mathematical Theory and Physics 85 



Our Bookshelf 86 



Letters to the Editor:— 



Magnetic Measurements. — W. H. F, Murdoch ; 



"The Reviewer" 87 



Nodules on the Intermediate Bladderwort. — Harold 



Evans ... 88 



Notes on Stellar Classification. — III. By Sir Norman 



Lockyer, K.C.B., F.R.S 88 



The Attacks of Birds Upon Fruit. By Walter E. 



Collinge 89 



Notes 90 



Our Astronomical Column :— 



The Supposed New Comet 95 



Star Colours 95 



Raies Ultimes 95 



Early Nautical Astronomy 95 



Approximate Determination of Planetary Longitude . 95 

 The Canadian Arctic Expedition. By R. N. R. B. 95 

 The Standards and Functions of Museums. {Illus- 

 trated.) By W. P. P. . . 96 



Forthcoming Books of Science 97 



The British Association : — 



Section C— Geology. — Opening Address by Prof. 

 GrenvHle A. J. Cole, F.G.S., M.R.LA., Presi- 

 dent of the Section 99 



Section E. — Geography. — Opening Address by Major 

 H. G. Lyons", D.Sc, F.R.S., President of the 



Section 104 



University and Educational Intelligence 109 



Societies and Academies 109 



Books Received no 



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