2 50 



NATURE 



[October 28, 1915 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Smithsonian Institution. U.S. National Museum. 

 Bulletin 82 : A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids. 

 By A. H. Clark. Vol. i., The Comatulids. Part i. 

 Pp. vi + 387. (Washington : Government Printing 

 Office.) 



Smithsonian Institution. U.S. National Museum. 

 Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium. 

 Vol. xix. : Flora of New Mexico. By E. O. Wooton 

 and P. C. Standley. Pp. 794. (Washington : Govern- 

 ment Printing Office.) 



U.S. Geological Survey. The Pleistocene of Indiana 

 and Michigan, and the History of the Great Lakes. 

 By F. Leverett and F. B. Taylor. Pp. 529. (Wash- 

 ington : Government Printing Office.) 



Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism. 

 By Prof. S. P. Thompson. New edition. Pp. xvi + 

 744. (London : Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 45. 6d. 



The Cambridge Pocket Diary, 19/5-16. Pp. xv + 

 255. (Cambridge : At the University Press.) is. net. 



My Garden in Autumn and Winter. By E. A. 

 Bowles. Pp. viii4-272. (London : T. C. and E. C. 

 Jack.) 5,9. net. 



An Introduction to Ethics for Training Colleges. 

 By G. A. Johnston. Pp. x + 254. (London : Mac- 

 millan and Co. , Ltd.) 35. net. 



A Treatise on Light. By Dr. R. A. Houstoun. 

 Pp. xi + 478. . (London : Longmans and Co.) "js. 6a. 

 net. 



Is Venus Inhabited? By C. E. Housden. Pp. 39. 

 (London : Longmans and Co.) is. 6d. net. 



First Aid in the Laboratory and Workshop. By 

 A. A. Eldridge and H. V. A. Briscoe. Pp. 32. 

 (London : E. Arnold.) is. net. 



Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel 

 (New Issue). North America. Vol. i., Canada and 

 Newfoundland. Second edition, revised. ByDr. H.M. 

 Ami. Pp. xxviii+1069. (London: E. Stanford, Ltd.) 

 15s. net. 



Soils : Their Properties and Management. By 

 Profs. T. L. Lyon, E. O. Fippin, and H. O. Buck- 

 man. Pp. xxi + 764. (New York: The Macmillan 

 Company; London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 8s. 

 net. 



Canada. Department of Mines. Geological Survev 

 Memoir 68 : A Geological Reconnaissance between 

 Golden and Kamloops, B.C., along the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway. By R. A. Daly. Pp. viii + 260. 

 (Ottawa : Government Printing Bureau.) 



Savage Man in Central Africa. Bv A. L. Cureau. 

 Translated by E. Andrews. Pp. 351. (London : T. 

 Fisher Unwin, Ltd.) 12s. 6d. net. 



Survey of India. General Report, 1913-14, from 

 ist October 1913 to 30th September 1914. Prepared 

 under the direction of Col. Sir S. G. Burrard. (Cal- 

 cutta : Survev of India.) 



Maternity and Child Welfare. By E. T- Smith. 

 Pp. 88. (London : P. S. King and Son, Ltd.) i5. 

 net. 



Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand 

 Institute for the Year 1914. Vol. xlvii. Pp. vii + 704. 

 (Wellington, N.Z. : J. Mackav ; London: W. Weslev 

 and Son.) 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



FRIDAY, October 29. 

 Institution of Mkchanical En<;ineeks, at 8.— Thomas Hawksley 

 Lecture: The World's Sources of Fuel and Motive Power: Dr. Dugald 

 Clerk. 



SATURDAY. October 30. 

 Essex FiEi.n Club (at the Essex Museum, Stratford), at 6.— Some Remarks 

 ??-i5'*' /J''^''^ ^'''^ which the guns in Flanders may be heard in Essex: 

 Miller Christy.— The Structure and Growth of Lichens : Miss A. Lorrain 

 Smith. — Field Notes on Essex Ornithology : F. J. Stubbs. 



TUESDAY, November 3. 

 ROntgen Society, at 8.15. —Presidential Address. J. H. G.irdiner. 

 RoVAL Anthropological Institute, at 5.— The First Siege of Troy : 

 H.J. E. Peake. 



WEDNESDAY, November 3. 



Geological Society, 315.30. — Discovery of a Fossil Elephant at Chatham: 

 Dr. C. W. Andrews. 



Society of Public Analysts, at 8. — Formic Acid as a Reagent in Essen- 

 tial Oil Analysis : W. H. Simmons. — Note on the Melting-point of 

 Salicylic Acid, and a Test for the Presence of Para-hydroxybenzoic Acid : 

 H. L. Smith. — The Persistence of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk : E. Hinks. 



Entomological Society, at 8. 



THURSDAY, November 4. 



Royal Society, at ^.jo.— Probable Papers: A Diagram to Faciiiate the 

 Study of External Ballistics: Prof. W. E. Dalby.— An Application of the 

 Principle of Dynamical Similitude to Molecular Physics ; W. B. Hardy. 

 —The Motion of a Stream of Finite Depth past a Body: K. Jones.— 

 Deep-sea Water Waves causrd by a Local Disturbance on or beneath the 

 Surface : K. Terazawa.— The Consumption of Carbon in the electric 

 Arc : W. G. Duffield. 



Society of Engineers, at 7.30. 



j CONTENTS. PACK 



The Universities and War Economy 225 



Old-Fashioned Natural History and New-Fashioned 



Botany . . 225 



Text-Books of Physics 226 



Laboratory Work on Coal and Coal-Products, By 



J. B. C 227 



Our Bookshelf 228 



Letters to the Editor:— 



Distances at which Sounds of Heavy Gun-firing are 



Heard. — Miller Christy . . . . 228 

 The Cumberland Earthquake of October 2. — Prof. 



\ Frederick Soddy, F.R.S 229 



1 The Etymology of " Chincough." — L. B. ; Dr. Daw- 



[ son Williams ; M. D. " 229 



Longitudes of Two Markings on Jupiter. — Scriven 



Bolton . . 229 



j Chinese Defensive Armour. (Illustrated.) By Lieut. - 



Col. L. A. Waddell 229 



j Modern Bullets in War and Sport. By Prof. C. V. 



I Boys, F.R.S 231 



I Prof. Vivian B. Lewes 232 



I Notes ... 232 



I Our Astronomical Column :— 



j The Great Meteor of October 5 237 



Proper Motions Measured by the Blink- Microscope . 237 



The Light-Curve of XX Cygni 237 



Atmospheric Effects of Kathode Rays 237 



Recent Excavations on a Palaeolithic Site in Jersey. 



By E. N. Fallaize 238 



The Lighting of Factories and Workshops .... 238 



The Turquoise. By L. J. S 239 



Purposeful Foraminifers . ..... . . 239 



Mathematical and Physical Science at the British 



Association 240 



The British Association: — 



Section K. — Botany. — Opening Addiess by Prof. 



W. H. Lang, F. K.S., President of the Section 242 



University and Educational Intelligence 248 



Societies and Academies 248 



Books Kftceived 250 



Diary of Societies • - • 250 



Editorial and Publishing Offices : 



MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., 



ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON, W.C. 



Advertisements and business letters to be addressed to the 

 Publishers 



O. 2400, VOL. 96] 



Editorial Communications to the Editor. 

 Telegraphic Address : Phusis, London, 

 Telephone Number : Gzkkard 8830. 



