November ii, 1915] 



NATURE 



303 



people do not yield this result, it is obvious that we 

 are not efficiently educated, that is, we are either not 

 intelligent enough to know the right way from the 



.rong, or, knowing it, we do not care to fqllow it; 



ifhich means that our moral nature, or higher self of 



)irit and conscience, has not become educated equally 



nih. our intellectual abilities. 

 The one outstanding menace, which imperils our 



iry existence as an industrial nation, is the chronic 

 jaration of capital and labour, employers and em- 

 )yed, into opposing camps. Until the necessity of 



srfect unity of interest, of motive, and of purpose is 

 cognised and established, we are building our indus- 



rial edifice on the sand, liable at a moment's notice 

 be shattered by the winds and storms of passionate 



iscontent which sweep away what the best culture 

 »nd skill may have erected. It is eminently unscien- 

 tific to build on sand when rock is at hand. In Build- 

 ing up our industries scientifically let us not forget 

 that in its broadest sense science, as has been well 

 said, " includes the elements of the theory of morals 

 and those of political and social life." There is a 

 science, therefore, which if applied to the elements of 

 capital and labour will blend them into one organic, 

 harmonious whole. The science of education will 

 teach both labour and capital to look at the problems 

 of industrial growth and success with cultured minds, 

 instead of as now with minds only half made up — 

 prone to err, to misjudge men and things, unable to 

 see with an instructed sense of proportion, to differ- 

 entiate between that which is true and that which is 

 false, between right and wrone, in the complex ques- 

 tions affecting both. The science of management is 

 as important as the science of mechanics. The latter 

 shows the laws of right construction ; the former, the 

 way to peaceful control, to unity of purpose, and, 

 above all, to equity in sharing results of the organic 

 whole of capital and labour. 



SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS. 



A FULLY-ILLUSTRATED pamphlet containing 

 brief accounts of the more important explorations 

 and field-work undertaken during 19 14 by members of 

 the staff of the Smithsonian Institution proper and of 

 its branches, the National Museum, the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology, and the Astrophysical Observa- 

 tory, has recently been issued. 



Dr. C. D. Walcott briefly outlines his summer's 

 work in British Columbia and Montana, in continua- 

 tion of his previous geological explorations in those 

 regions. In the lower portion of Deep Creek Canyon, 

 south-east of the city of Helena, a deposit of siliceous 

 shale was examined, where some years ago Dr. Wal- 

 cott discovered the remains of crab-like animals 

 suggesting in form the fresh-water cray-fishes found, 

 in streams and ponds all over the world. "These 

 fossils," says Dr. Walcott, "are the oldest animal 

 remains now known, and the algal deposits, which 

 occur at intervals for several thousand feet below the 

 shales containing the crustaceans, are the oldest 

 authentic vegetable remains. It is also most interest- 

 ing that two types of bacteria have been found in a 

 fossil state in the rock in association with the algal 

 remains." 



Continuing the excavations at the cave deposit near 

 Cumberland, Maryland, Mr. J. W. Gidley, of the 

 U.S. National Museum, has added to the already 

 important collection from this region more than 400 

 specimens of fossil animals, deposited there in 

 Pleistocene time. Among these was a practically 

 complete skeleton of the large extinct peccary, 

 measuring more than 4 ft. in length, a partial skull 



NO. 2402, VOL. 96] 



of a wolverine, and several skulls of extinct species of 

 the black bear. 



Mr. H. C. Raven, who has been collecting animals 

 and birds for the Smithsonian Institution through the 

 generosity of Mr. VV. L. Abbott, gives interesting in- 

 formation respecting the inhabitants and the animals 

 of Celebes, Malay Archipelago. Mammal life, accord- 

 ing tQ Mr. Raven, is not nearly so plentiful in Celebes 

 as in Borneo, where he was collecting during the 

 previous season, but several peculiar animals have 

 been captured by him, among them a specimen of 

 Babirussa, a pig with peculiar erect tusks curved 

 backward above the forehead. 



An expedition under the joint auspices of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution and the Cuban Government spent 

 two months on the coast of western Cuba for the 

 purpose of making a complete biological survey of the 

 waters of that region, and incidentally to obtain speci- 

 mens for the exhibition series of the National 

 Museum. The Smithsonian was represented by Mr. 

 John B. Henderson, a Regent of the Institution, and 

 Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the National Museum. Exten- 

 sive dredging operations for securing marine sjjeci- 

 mens were carried on daily, and from several shore 

 stations large numbers of specimens of land 

 forms were taken. The expedition was quite success- 

 ful, and a great quantity of valuable material is now 

 in the hands of specialists of the National Museum 

 for final report. Particularly good were the collec- 

 tions of marine organisms, especially the molluscs. 



Early this year arrangements were made whereby 

 Mr. Neil M. Judd, of the National Museum, was 

 enabled to accept an invitation to participate in the 

 archaeological investigations in Guatemala, conducted 

 by the American School of Archaeology. Mr. Judd's 

 special work was to superintend the making of 

 plaster casts of several of the huge stone monuments 

 that have made world-famous the ruins of the so- 

 called "Temple Court," the religious centre of the 

 sacred city of Quirigua. After this work, Mr. Judd 

 paid a brief visit to the Mexican border to ascertain 

 the anthropological possibilities among the Indian 

 tribes of this region. But little survives, in the 

 remnants of the Quiche, Cachiquel, and Tzutuhil 

 tribes, to indicate the strength and magnificence of 

 the Quiche empire which Pedro de Alvarado destroyed 

 in 1523, at the beginning of his conquest of Guate- 

 mala. Although the natives of these interior valleys 

 have always been considered treacherous, Mr. Judd 

 experienced few difficulties, and his hurried journey 

 seems to indicate that extended anthropological in- 

 vestigations in this region will be as easy as they 

 are desirable. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Cambridge.— Sir W. H. Solomon and Prof. G. H. 

 Bryan have been elected to honorary fellowships at 

 Peterhouse. 



Leeds. — The Senate, at a meeting held on Novem- 

 ber 3, passed a resolution expressing deep regret at 

 the death of Sir Arthur Riicken The Senate places 

 on record its sense of obligation to Sir Arthur Riicker, 

 who, with his colleagues forming the first statT of the 

 Yorkshire College of Science, laid the foundations of 

 its intellectual work and corporate life. It was their 

 advice which encouraged the council of the York- 

 shire College of Science so to widen the scope of its 

 studies as to enable it to develop into a University 

 embracing the disciplines of arts, science, medicine, 

 and. technology. Furthermore, the Senate records its 

 grateful appreciation of the part which, in his last 



