4i8 



NATURE 



[December 9, 1915 



water by carbonic acid under pressure. Water con- 

 taining' the Eberth bacillus is sterilised by carbonic 

 acid in 20 hours under 10 kg. pressure, 8 to 20 hours 

 under 15 kg., 3 to 9 hours under 20 kg., and 3 to 6 

 hours under 25 kg. pressure. Data for other micro- 

 organisms are also given. 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Mimicry in Butterflies. By Prof. R. C. Punnett. Pp. 

 vi+ I <S8 + plates xvi. (Cambridge: At the University 

 Press.) 15s. net. 



A Student's Book on Soils and Manures. By Dr. 

 E. J. Russell. Pp. ix + 206. (Cambridge: At the 

 University Press.) 35. 6d. net. 



Soils and Plant Life as related to Agriculture. By 

 Prof. J. C. Cunningham and W. H. Lancelot. Pp. 

 XX + 348. (New York : The Macmillan Co. ; London : 

 Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 55. net. 



The Cambridge University Calendar for the Year 

 1915-1916. Pp. xxvi+1069. (Cambridge: At the 

 University Press.) 7s. 6d. net. 



A Course of Modern Analysis. By Prof. E. T. 

 Whittaker and Prof. G. N. Watson. Second edition. 

 Pp.560. (Cambridge : At the University Press.) 185. 

 net. 



U.S. Bureau of Education. Bulletin No. 27. Whole 

 No. 654. Opportunities for Foreign Students at Col- 

 leges and Universities in the United States. Pp. 213. 

 (Washington : Government Printing Office.) 



Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. Ixv., 

 No. 3. Hodgkins Fund : A Study of the Radiation 

 of the Atmosphere. By A. Angstrom. Pp. V4-159. 

 (Washington : Smithsonian Institution.) 



Homer and History. By Dr. W. Leaf. Pp. xvi + 

 375. (London : Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 12s. net. 



Instinct and Intelligence. By N. C. Macnamara. 

 Pp. 216. (London : H. Frowde and Hodder and 

 Stoughton.) 6s. net. 



Contributions from the Jefferson Physical Laboratory 

 of Harvard University for the Years 1913 and 1914. 

 Vol. xi. (Cambridge, Mass.) 



Department of Education, Ontario. Educational 

 Pamphlets, No. q : Laboratory Accommodation in Con- 

 tinuation and High Schools and Collegiate Institutes. 

 By G. A. Cornish. Pp. viii+144. (Toronto: L. K. 

 Cameron.) 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



THURSDAY, December 9. 



RovAL Society, at 4.30.— Croonian Lecture: The Respiratory Process in 

 Muscle; and the Nature of Muscular Motion: Dr. W. M. Fletcher and 

 Prof F G Hopkins. 



Mathematical Society, at 5.30.— The Vibrations of a Special Type 

 of Dissipative System : H. Jeffreys.— Diffraction by a Wedge : F. J. W. 

 Whipple.— Some Applications of the Two-three Birational Space Trans- 

 formation : T. L. Wren.— The Circles which Touch the E^cribed Cirtles 

 of a Triatigle • T. C. Lewi-. 



Optical Society, at 8. — Improvements in Prismatic Comp.i,sses, with 



Special Reference to the Creajh-Osborne Patent Compass : A Hughes. 



FRIDAY, December 10. 



Royal Astronomical Society, at 5.-(i) The Accu'acy of Hagen's 

 Charf of T Hrrculis, and on a pos.sible new Varial le Star ; (2) Note on the 

 number of faint stars with large Proper Motions: F. A. Bellamy.— The 

 'I heory of Star-.strepming and the Structure of the Universe : J. H. 

 Jeans— (1) The V'sco-ity of the Earth, second paper; (2) The Fi(,'ure of 

 the Earth ; a reply to Mr. Hinks: H. Jeffieys. — Vote nn Comet Mellish 

 (igisa), igrs, October 4,: F. Henroteau. — Preliminary Paper on recent 

 li.sts of new Double Stars: E. Doolittle.— Th.- Distribution of .Stars in 

 Globular Cliisiers: H. C. V\\xmm^x .— Probable facets: The Mag- 

 nitude Scales of the Astrographic Catalogue, ninth note ; The 

 Tooljuse and Cape Magnitudes, with further remarks on the Obscured 

 Regio- in the Sky as a Sfiral : H. H. Turner.— Baxendell's Observations 

 of Variable Stars, fifth instalment ; No. 13, T Herculis and No. 14 

 R t.eonis: H. H. Turner and Mary A. Blagg. 



Malacological Society, at 7.— Note on the Oligocene of Tampa, 

 Florida, the Panama Canal Zone, and the Antillean Region : Or. W. H. 

 Dall.— Description of Two New Species of Angasella: G. K. Gude. 

 MONDAY, December 13. 



RovAL Society OF Arts, at 4.30.— Optical Glass. III. : Dr. W. Rosenhain. 



Royal Geographicai Society, at 8.^0.— The Work of the Peru-Bo!ivia 

 , Boundary Commission : Sir T. H. Holilich. 



Victoria Institute, at 4.30.— The Movements of the Stars : Prof. A. S. 



Eddington. 

 Society of Engineers, at 5.30.— Annual General Meeting. 



TUESDAY, December 1*. 

 Royal Anthropological Institute, at 5. —The Evolution of the Earliest 



"Chelles" Palaeoliths from the Rostro-Carinate Implements: J. Reid 



Moir. , 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at 5.30.— "James Forest Lecture, 



Electrical Railways: H. M. Hobart. 

 Illuminating Engineering Society, at 8— Recent Developments in 



Electric Incandescent Lamps in Relation to Illuminating Engineering : 



Prof. J. T. Morris. 



WEDNESDAY. December 15. 

 Royal Society of Arts, at 4.30.— Carillons and Carillon Playing : J. J. 



Denyn and W. W. Starmer. 

 Royal Meteorological Society, at 7.30.— The Incidence of Bright 



Sunshine over the United Kingdom during the thirty years, 18^1— igio : 



F. J. Brodie.— Remarkable Cloud Phenomena: Dr. W. Galloway.— 



South African Coast lemperatures: Dr. J. R. Sutt. n. 

 Royal Microscopical SdciETV, at 8.— The Use of Ultra-violet Light m 



Microscopy: J. E. Barnard. 

 Geological Society, at 5.30 —Deep-Boring for Coal at Little Africk, 



near Missenden (Bucks): Dr. A. Strahan. 



THURSDAY, December 16. 



Royal Society or Arts, at 4.3o.-Tbe Indian Jute Industry: C. C. 

 McLeod. ^. ^ . , „. .. 



Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8.— The Design of High- 

 pressure Distribution Systems: J. R. Beard. 



RoYAi Geographical Society, at 5.- The Nature and Formation of Sand 

 Ripples and Dunes : W. J. Harding King. 



Linnean Society, at 5.- The Structure and History of Play : The Fl ating 

 Fen of the Delta of the Danube Mi-s Marietta Pallis.— I he Seed-mass 

 and Dispersal of Hetteborus foetidus, Linn. : T. A. Dymes.— Sample of 

 "Figuied Ebony," with Specimens of Walking-sticks Manufactured 

 from it by Messrs. Henry Howell & Co. : B. Day don Jackson.— The 

 Reproduction of Protodrilus ; E. S. Goodrich. 



FRIDAY, December 17. 

 Institution of Mechanical Engineeks, at 6 —Engineering Colleges 

 and the War : Dr. R. Mullineux Walmsley and C. E. Larard. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



National Needs 39* 



The Chlorine Industry 393 



Oil Seeds and their Products. By E. J. R 394 



Public Health Administration 395 



Our Bookshelf . 396 



Letters to the Editor:— 



The Principle of Similitude.— E. Buckingham . 396 

 Grime's Graves Flint Mines.— J. Reid Moir; 



A. S. W 397 



Discovery of a Skeleton of " Elephas Antiquus " 

 at Upnor, near Chatham. {Illustrated.) By Dr. 



Chas. W. Andrews, F.R.S 398 



Bacterised Peat as a Fertiliser. (Illttstrated.) By 



Prof. Frederick Keeble, F.R.S. . ... 399 



Dysentery and War. By Prof. R. T. Hewlett . 40a 



Oils and Fats as War Supplies . ... 401 



Prof. C. R. Zeiller. By Piof. A. C. Seward, F.R.S. 402 



Prof. F. R. Barren 402 



Notes 403 



Our Astronomical Column :— 



A New Comet 408 



The Sol^r Rotation 408 



Galactic Co-ordmates 408 



A Martian Calendar . • 4°8 



The Centenary of the Society Helvetique des 



Sciences Naturelles. By Grace Chisholm Young 408 



The Conch bhell of India 4I'> 



Luminous Insects. By K. G. Blair 411 



University and Educational Intelligence 415 



Societies and Academies 4'^ 



Books Received 418 



Diaty of Societies 418 



Editorial and Publishing Offices: 



MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., 



ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON, W.C. 



Advertisements and business letters to be addressed to the 

 Publishers 



Editorial Communications to the Editor. 

 Telegraphic Address : Phusis, London. 

 Telephone Number : Ierrard 8830. 



NO. 2406, VOL. 96] 



