February 3, 19 16] 



NATURE 



635 



giess of agriculture, mechanical arts, and the practical 

 and speculative sciences; the Fourneyron prize (looo 

 francs), for the theoretical and experimental study of 

 the question ot combustion or explosion turbines; the 

 Pierson-Jt'erriii pri/e (5000 francsj, tor a discovery in 

 mechanics. 



Astronomy. — The Pierre Guzman prize (100,000 

 francs), to anyone finding a means of communication 

 with a planet other than Mars, that is to 

 say, to make a signal and receive a reply ; the 

 Lalande prize (540 francs), for observation or memoir 

 most useful to the progress of astronomy ; the Valz 

 prize (460 francs), for similar work ; the G. de Pont6- 

 coulant prize (700 francs), for the encouragement of 

 researches in celestial mechanics ; the Damoiseau prize 

 (2000 francs), question for 1917, to calculate more 

 exactly, taking tBe results of recent expeditions into 

 account, the attraction of the moon on the wave 

 formed at the surface of the earth by the tides. To 

 examine the effect of this attraction on the angular 

 velocity of the earth's rotation. 



Geography. — The Tchihatchef prize (3000 francs), for 

 the recompense or assistance of explorers in Asia (ex- 

 cluding British India, Siberia, Asia Minor, and Syria). 

 The explorations may have as an object any branch of 

 mathematical, physical, or natural science, excluding 

 such sciences as archaeology, history, ethnography, 

 and philology. The work must result from actual 

 observations made on the spot. Gay prize (1500 

 francs), the question proposed is the geographical dis- 

 tribution of tropical and subtropical plants presenting 

 practical interest. 



Navigation. — The extraordinary prize of 6000 francs 

 for any progress of a nature as to increase the efficacy 

 of the French naval forces ; the Plumey prize (4000 

 francs), for the author of improvements in steam 

 engines or any other invention contributing to the 

 progress of steam navigation. 



Physics. — The Hebert prize (1000 francs), for the 

 best treatise or work for the popularisation and prac- 

 tical employment of electricity ; the Hughes prize 

 (2500 francs), for an original discovery in the physical 

 scierices, especially electricity and magnetism and their 

 applications; the Henri de Parville prize (1500 francs), 

 for original work in physics ; the Gaston Plants prize 

 (3000 francs), for an important invention or work in 

 the field of electricity. 



Chemistry. — The Jecker prize (10,000 francs), for 

 works leading to progress in organic chemistry; the 

 Cahours prize (3000 francs), for the encouragement of 

 young chemists w'ho have already published good 

 w^ork; the Montyon prize (unhealthy trades; a prize 

 of 2500 francs and a mention of 1500 francs), for a 

 means of rendering an art or calling less unhealthy; 

 the Houzeau prize (700 francs), for rewarding a pro- 

 mising young chemist ; the Berthelot prize (500 francs), 

 for researches in chemical synthesis. 



Mineralogy and Geology.— The Delesse prize (1400 

 francs), for work in geology or mineralogy ; the Joseph 

 Labbe prize (1000 francs), for geological work or 

 researches contributing to the mineral wealth of 

 France, its colonies, or dependencies ; the Victor 

 Raulin prize (1500 francs), for work in geology or 

 palaeontology; the Fontannes prize (2000 francs), to 

 the author of the best palaeontological publication ; the 

 James Hall prize (700 francs), for the best thesis for 

 the doctorate in geology during the last five years. 



Botany. — The Desmazieres prize (1600 francs), for 

 the best work published during the preceding year on 

 Cryptogams ; the Montagne prize (1500 francs), for 

 work bearing on the anatomy, physiology, develop- 

 ment, or description of the lower Cryptograms ; the de 

 Coincv prize (900 francs), for work on Phanerogams; 

 the Thore prize (200 francs), for the best work on the 

 cellular Cryptojjams of Euroof- ; the Jean de Rufz de 

 NO. 2414, VOL. 96] 



j Lavison prize (500 francs), for wt^rk in plant phv^io- 



I logy- 



Anatomy and Zoology. — The Savigny prize (1500 



francs), for the assistance of young travelling 



zoologists, not in receipt of Government grants, and 



who occupy themselves with the invertebrates of Egypt 



and Syria; the Cuvier prize (1500 francs), for work in 



-^ comparative anatomy and zoology. 



i Medicine and Surgery. — The Montyon prize (a prize 



I of 2500 francs, mentions of 1500 francs), for works 



I most useful in the art of healing; the Barbier prize 



1 (2000 francs), for a valuable discovery in surgical, 



I medical, or pharmaceutical science, or in botany in 



j relation to medicine; the Bryant prize (100,000 francs), 



for a radical cure for Asiatic cholera ; the Godard prize 



I (1000 francs), for the best work on the anatomy, 



I physiology, and pathology of the genito-urinary 



j organs ; the Baron Larrey prize (750 francs), for the 



best work on the subjects of medicine, surgery, or 



military hygiene; the Bellion prize (1400 francs), for 



works or discoveries "profitable to the health of man 



or to the amelioration of the human species " ; the 



M^ge prize (10,000 francs), for the continuation and 



completion of Dr. Mege's essay on the causes which 



have retarded or favoured the progress of medicine 



from antiquity down to the present time ; the Argut 



prize (1200 francs), for a discovery of a cure for a 



disease which at present can only be treated surgically, 



thus enlarging the domain of medicine. 



Physiology. — ^The Montyon prize (750 francs), for 

 work in experimental physiology; the Philipeaux prize 

 (900 francs), for the same; the Lallemand prize (1800 

 francs), to recompense or encourage works relating 

 to the nervous system in the widest sense ; the Pourat 

 prize (1000 francs), the subject proposed is the rela- 

 tions of the combined sugar of the blood with the 

 albumenoid materials ; the Fanny Emden prize (3000 

 francs), for the best work dealing w-ith hypnotism, 

 suggestion, and generally with physiological actions 

 which can be exercised on the animal organism at 

 a distance. 



Statistics. — The Montyon prize (prize of 1000 fraiu > 

 and two mentions of 500 francs). 



History and Philosophy of the Sciences. — The 

 Binoux prize (2000 francs). 



General Prizes. — The Arago medal ; the Lavoisier 

 medal, for eminent service in chemistry ; the Berthelot 

 medal, awarded each year to the prizewinners in the 

 subject of chemistry ; the Henri Becquerel foundation 

 (3000 francs) ; the Gegner prize (3800 francs) ; the 

 Lannelongue foundation (2000 francs), for the assist- 

 ance of one or two persons in reduced circumstances 

 who belong to the scientific world, either themselves 

 or by marriage or by parentage ; the Gustave Roux 

 prize (loco francs); the Tr^mont prize (1000 francs); 

 the Wilde prize (one prize of 4000 francs, or two of 

 2000 francs), for a work or discovery in astronomy, 

 physics, chemistr}', mineralogy, geology, or experi- 

 mental mechanics; the Lonchampt prize (4000 francs), 

 for the best memoir on diseases of man, animals, or 

 plants, from the special point of view of the introduc- 

 tion of mineral substances in excess as the cause of 

 these diseases ; the Saintour prize (3000 francs), for 

 work in mathematical science ; the Henri de Parville 

 prize (2500 francs), for a book dealing either with 

 original work or with the popularisation of science ; 

 the Vaillant prize (4000 francs), (see under mathe- 

 matics) ; prize founded by the State (3(X)o francs) ; 

 grand prize of the physical sciences, subject proposed 

 for 1917, the modifications presented by trypanosomes 

 in the bodies of insects ; the Petit d'Ormoy prize (two 

 prizes of 10,000 francs), one for pure and applied 

 mathematics, and one for the natural sciences; the 

 Serres prize (7500 francs), for works on general em- 

 bryology, applied so far as possible to phyvinloLiv and 



