NATURE 



[September 3, 1914 



II 



i()l)ies of those papers approved for publication and 

 to invite discussion thereon by correspondence. It is 

 expected that the copies will be ready for issue about 

 the second week in September. 



The following resolution has been passed by the 

 Chadwick trustees . — That in view of the immense 

 importance of encouraging in every way the promotion 

 of careful sanitary organisation in the naval and 

 military services during the present campaign, the 

 (Jhadwick trustees have resolved under the powers 

 conferred upon them under the scheme they administer 

 (o announce their intention to award at the close of 

 this year the Chadwick gold medal and 50/. each to 

 the naval and military medical officer respectively in 

 the British service who shall have distinguished him- 

 self most in promoting the health of the men in the 

 Navy and the Army. The nomination for such 

 presentations to be, as provided by the terms of the 

 trust, by the directors-general of the naval and mili- 

 tary medical services respectively. 



Ix vol. viii., No. 6, of the Philippine Journal of 

 Science, Mr. R. B. Bean discusses certain types 

 among the inland tribes of Luzon and Mindanao. He 

 postulates three distinct migrations from Europe : one 

 from Europe direct, without mingling with inter- 

 vening peoples, as represented by the almost pure 

 European types in the heart of Luzon and Mindanao; 

 one by way of India, in which the types are the Indian 

 and the so-called Malay ; and one from Arabia and 

 North Africa, the Mohammedan of history. There is 

 also evidence among the Ilongots of another European 

 element migrating "through Siberia, possibly through 

 China, and also from Japan. The Australoid type 

 may antedate the Negritos, it may have resulted from 

 them by crossing with other types, or it may have 

 been brought in with the other tj-pes in the mingling 

 migrations of the Europeans. 



In their report on the ethnozoology of the Tewa 

 Indians of New Mexico by Messrs. J. Henderson and 

 I. P. Harrington, published as Bulletin 56 of the 

 Bureau of American Ethnology, the writers give a 

 striking picture of the changes in the environment 

 and fauna of the region due to the advent of the white 

 man. The land was originally well grassed, and sup- 

 ported a large head of varied game. On the intro- 

 duction of great herds of cattle from Texas, the 

 situation rapidly changed. The grasses disappeared 

 under their tongues and hoofs, many species of vege- 

 tation vanished, the surface became denuded of 

 humus, and the underlying stones and gravels were 

 exposed. In one pueblo in Arizona bones of thirty- 

 seven species of animals were discovered in the rubbish 

 heaps ; it is not probable that five of these could now 

 be collected. The writers also show that the current 

 belief which attributes to the Indians an almost magi- 

 cal power of discriminating and naming the varieties 

 of plants and animals is erroneous. They do distin- 

 guish species more closely than the average white man 

 without training in botany or zoology ; but they natur- 

 ally fail to recognise the more minute differences, 

 many of which are microscopic. 

 NO. 2340, VOL. 94] 



A NUMiJER of Striking photographs of the northeri ! 

 or Lado, race of the white rhinoceros [Rhinocert 

 simus cottoni) serve to illustrate the second instalmei! 

 of notes on African big game, by Mr. Russell Robert 1 

 in the August number of Wild Life, this portion al-i 

 concluding the account of the African elephant. 



The Egyptian Gazette of August 12 announce^ il 

 arrival at the Gizeh Zoological Gardens of a coi 

 signment of 118 animals from the Sudan, for the mo 

 part presented by English and native donors, oftki 

 and otherwise. The series includes thirty-seven mar 

 mals, sixty-six birds, and fifteen reptiles, represeniii 

 forty species and races. Among the first is a verv 

 monkey (Cercopithectis pygerythrus) from the Mo 

 galla district, a species previously unknown north 

 East Africa. The menagerie at Gizeh has also jt 

 ceived a Mediterranean seal {Monachus albiventcr)f 

 species formerly abundant on the coasts of the 9 

 from which it takes its name, but now unknovv-n 

 the Egyptian coast west of Alexandria, although 

 few still remain in Tunisian waters, while a straggi 

 is from time to time taken in the Adriatic. 



In a useful article by Mr. R. C. Mo: 

 man in Symons's Meteorological Magazine 

 August on the renewal of Antarctic explw 

 tion and research, it is pointed out that 

 interest in this subject is shown by the fact that] 

 plans of four specified expeditions have been be 

 the public for some time. A map has been pref 

 giving the positions where meteorological and 

 observations have been made, and the numbe^ 

 years over which they extend. This map shows 

 "only over one-third of the S. Polar area soutn 

 60° S., and extending in one instance only so far 

 78° 30' S., have we even a general knowledge of 1 

 climatic features throughout the year." A consk 

 able part of the available data relates to summer 1 

 ditions only, and, as the author rerriarks, it 1 

 matter for congratulation that in the near future 

 may look forward to a substantial addition to « 

 knowledge of the meteorology of those regions. 



The report of the Meteorological Committee for 

 year ended March 31 shows that considerable chan 

 have taken place, owing to a liberal increase of 

 Parliamentary grant. Among the more import 

 items may be mentioned (i) the institution of a gr 

 of junior "professional" assistants (with Lniver: 

 qualifications) for meteorological and geo-phys: I 

 work. (2) The satisfactory termination of nego 

 tions with the Scottish Meteorological Society ; • 

 of the several advantages is the inclusion in one p 

 lication of available climatological data for all ps 

 of the British Islands. (3) A notable improvement 

 the reconstruction of the central (" Kew ") obsei 

 tory, after the departure of the assistants belong J 

 to the National Physical Laboratory, and a consii 

 able addition to the instrumental equipment. (4) 

 establishment of a "weather station" at Falmoi 

 in conjunction with the Royal Cornwall Polytecl c 

 Society, in place of the photographic recording >- 

 servatory, for the purpose of special researches n 

 weather prediction, and the investigation of the uj 'r 



