September 24, 19 14] 



NATURE 



87 



necessary to consult other volumes in order to 

 obtain information regarding the subjects 

 covered. We are afraid that this claim is too 

 wide. The engineer will find a great deal of 

 information of a practical character m the volume, 

 together with methods of calculation (often s.hort 

 cuts) which will enable him to carry through his 

 designs, but to understand completely what he is 

 doing he will certainly either have to possess 

 other knowledge or consult other books. For 

 example, in the section dealing with the calcula- 

 tions of piers, footings and retaining walls, earth- 

 work problems are treated sometimes by the wedge 

 heory, elsewhere by Rankine's theory, and 

 igain with friction allowance on the wall. Atten- 

 tion is not directed to the differences of these 

 methods. The treatment of the pressures on the 

 base of the wall is not at all clear, and will leave 

 the engineer who uses the method given in a 

 -rate of uncertainty as to what he has really 

 lone. 



Principles of Metallurgy. By A. H. Hiorns. 

 Second edition. Pp. xiv + 389. (London : Mac- 

 millan and Co., Ltd., 1914.) Price 65. 

 :T is almost twenty years since the first edition 

 A this book appeared. During that time metai- 

 urgy has advanced very rapidly, and any new 

 jook or new edition which is published should 

 lave many novel features to indicate. 



The present volume reviews briefly the principal 

 metallurgical phenomena and extraction pro- 

 esses and forms one of a series by the author. 

 It is a work which is intended for use in a 

 echnical school and for the instruction of appren- 

 :ices and other workers engaged in the metal in- 

 'iustries and whose employment demands some 

 lementary knowledge of metals, their properties, 

 and methods of production. 



As a consequence of attempting to cover the 

 vhole field of metallurgy in some 370 pages, the 

 ;iuthor has treated several sections rather scantily, 

 vhile others are out of proportion to their import- 

 ance. Thus, in the paragraph on the Bessemerisa- 

 :lon of copper, no discussion is given of the true 

 function of the furnace lining, and although a 

 "more or less basic" lining is mentioned, no 

 stress is laid up>on the recent adoption of basic- 

 lined converters. It is noticeable, too, that the 

 author occupies twelve pages in descriptions of 

 various, almost obsolete, chlorination processes 

 for the treatment of gold ores, whereas he dis- 

 misses the more important cyanide process in 

 three pages. 



The work is suitable to place in the hands of 

 a young student on his earliest venture into the 

 domains of metallurgy, but he would be well 

 advised to pass, at an early stage, to the larger 

 treatises on the subject. W. A. C. Newman. 



Gearing: a Practical Treatise. By A. E. Ingham. 



Pp. xi-i- 181. (London : Methuen and Co., Ltd., 



1914.) Price 55. net. 

 The object of this volume is to present in a simple 

 manner the general scientific principles which 

 underlie the subject, and to give particulars of 

 the most approved methods of solving problems 



NO. 2.ZA.Z. VOT.- QaI 



■ 



connected with various forms jf gears. Spur, 

 bevel, worm, spiral and helical gears are included, 

 and methods of cutting these gears are explained 

 and illustrated by photographs. The calculations 

 given are of the simplest possible character and 

 should present no dithculty to anyone who knows 

 ordinary arithmetic. Extensive tables are given 

 which will simplify the process of finding the pitch, 

 diameter, and outside diameter of wheels having 

 a given circular pitch. A considerable amount of 

 space is taken up w-ith blacked drawings showing 

 the comparative sizes of teeth having progressive 

 diametral and circular pitches. The latter might 

 have been omitted, and space found for a discus- 

 sion of the new problems introduced by the appli- 

 cations of helical wheels in marine turbine sjjeed- 

 reduction gears. The desire of the author to keep 

 the matter treated within the limits of simplicity 

 p'rescribed by the knowledge of the readers he has 

 in view no doubt accounts for the many omissions 

 in an otherwise useful volume. 



Historical Sketches of Old Charing: The Hospital 

 and Chapel of Saint Mary Roncevall; Eleanor 

 of Castile, Queen of England, and the Monu- 

 ments erected in Her Memory. By Dr. J. 

 Galloway. Pp. 82. (London : John Bale, 

 Sons, and Danielsson, Ltd., 1914) Price 

 1 05. 6(i. net. 

 These studies in the history of Old London, by 

 the senior physician and vice-president of Charing 

 Cross Hospital, originally published in the 

 hospital Gazette, and reprinted for the benefit 

 of that institution, form a useful contribution to 

 local history. The first part contains an account 

 of the hospital and chapel of St. Mary Roncevall 

 at Charing Cross, a branch house of the great 

 convent at Ronesvalles in the western Pyrenees. 

 The London convent owed its foundation to the 

 liberality of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, 

 eldest son of the great William Marshall, Pro- 

 tector of the King and his kingdom after the 

 death of John. It enjoyed a long career of pros- 

 perity and usefulness until its final dissolution 

 by Henry VIII. in 1544. On the site was buih 

 Northumberland House, purchased by the Metro- 

 politan Board of Works in 1874, and now occu- 

 pied by Northumberland Avenue and the great 

 buildings which flank that thoroughfare. 



The second part of the book is an account of 

 the monuments erected to commemorate the death 

 of Queen Eleanor, and the removal of her remains 

 from Harby, near Lincoln, where she died in 1290, 

 to Westminster Abbey. These consist of her 

 tomb in the Abbey, the work of Richard Crandale, 

 and the series of beautiful crosses, of which those 

 at Chepe, Charing (the site now occupied by the 

 statue of Charles I.) Grantham, Stamford, Stony 

 Stratford, Woburn, Dunstable, and St. Albans, 

 have disappeared, while those at Geddington, 

 Northampton, and Waltham survive in a more 

 or less perfect condition. The preparation of this 

 book, with its fine illustrations and copious refer- 

 ences to original authorities, was obviously a 

 labour of love, and it forms an interesting addi- 

 tion to the great library of books on Old London. 



