November 26, 19 14] 



NATURE 



3d/ 



and small range with a central maximum inland and 

 a peripheral minimum on the coast, and the autumn 

 months a large rainfall with a central minimum and 

 a peripheral maximum. The maps show that the rela- 

 tion of heavy rainfall with high-lying land is a relation 

 of cause and effect, the relation of the winter maxi- 

 mum witli the heav-j' rainfall is therefore an indication 

 of a common cause. High land is only associated with 

 heavy rain because it meets rain-bearing winds, and 

 the true connecting circumstances are the position of 

 high land and its relation to the prevailing winds. 

 The occurrence of rain with easterly winds, affecting 

 principally the east coast, makes it impossible to view 

 the British Isles as having a rainfall regime solely 

 produced by south-westerly winds. The far greater 

 frequency of southerly and westerly winds than of 

 easterly and northerly, and the fact that the latter 

 occur mainly at certain seasons, go far to explain the 

 features both of the average rainfall maps and of the 

 isomeric maps. — J. I. Craig : A see-saw of temperature 

 between England and Egypt. Diagrams were given 

 of lines of thermal equi-correlation with Egy^pt. 



Paris. 

 Academy of Sciences, November 9. — M. P. Appell in 

 the chair. — Emile Picard : Concerning the hydro- 

 dynamical paradox of d'Alembert. Remarks on a 

 recent note by M. Pierre Duhem. — Pierre Duheni : Re- 

 mark on the hydrodynamical paradox of d'Alembert. 

 — A. Laveran : Remarks on the prophylaxy of typhus 

 in armies in the field. That the infection of typhus 

 is carried by lice has been proved by Nicolle at Tunis, 

 and confirmed by American physicians in Mexico. 

 Under the conditions necessitated by fighting in 

 trenches the chance of an epidemic is greatly increased. 

 Special importance, therefore, attaches to personal 

 cleanliness in the troops at the front. — M. Balland : 

 The preservation of food for army service. A method 

 has been proposed according to which meat, rice, and 

 agar-agar are sealed in a tin, the cooking being car- 

 ried out after sealing the tin. It is pointed out that 

 the official method in the French Army, in which the 

 meat is cooked before canning, gives a more concen- 

 trated product, and the addition of rice and agar-agar 

 is deprecated. — A. Brachet : The action of butyric acid 

 upon the development of the eggs of the sea-urchin. — H. 

 Bourget : Observations of the transit of mercury across 

 the sun made at the Observatory of Marseilles. Ob- 

 servations of the contact times were carried out under 

 good atmospheric conditions. — D. Eginitis : Observa- 

 tions of Dela van's comet made at the Athens Observa- 

 tory with the Doridis equatorial (Gautier, 40 cm.). 

 Positions given for September 18, 19, and 30, and 

 October i. The comet was visible to the naked eye, 

 with a tail of 5°, and of apparent magnitude 5. — 

 B. Globa-Mikhailenco : Equilibrium figures of a fluid 

 mass in rotation, infinitely near an elliptical cylinder. 

 —A. Mesnager : A rapid method for the calculation of 

 arches. A diagram is given for the rapid graphical 

 determination of the bending moment. — Charles Rabat : 

 The Eauplet bridge and the deformation of arcs. — M. 

 Amans : The problem of flight. — F. Garrigou : A simple 

 method of obtaining the notion of relief in radioscopy. 1 

 — Louis Gentil : The structure of the plateau of Oulmes, 

 Central Morocco. — Charles Nicolle, G. Blanc, and E. 

 Conseil : Some points in the experimental study of 

 exanthematic typhus. The lice do not transmit the 

 disease before the eighth day after infection ; they 

 transmit it on the ninth and tenth day after infection. 

 This was also found to be the case with the excreta 

 of lice nourished on infected blood. Experiments on 

 hereditary infection in lice gave negative results in 

 all cases. — MM. Caillaud and Corniglion : Contribution 



NO. 2352, VOL. 94] 



to the study of the treatment of tetanus. 

 The treatment adopted for two cases was a 

 daily intra-muscular injection of i per cent, 

 solution of carbolic acid, either alone, or in conjunction 

 with (for two graver cases) intra-venous injection of 

 lantol or colloidal rhodium. All four cases were 

 cured, although two other cases treated with anti- 

 tetanic serum and chloral died after three days. In 

 the four patients cured the definite symptoms of 

 tetanus were well developed before the treatment was 

 started. The same method has also been successfully 

 applied to five cases of tetanus at Cannes. In all 

 there have been nine cures in nine cases. — Aug. 

 Lameere : The male of Dicyema. 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical 

 Societ)'. Vol. xxxii. Session 1913-14. Pp. viii + 168. 

 (Edinburgh : Mathematical Society.) 75. 6d. 



Manchester Astronomical Society. Journal of the 

 Session 1913-14. No. i. Pp. x + 43. (Manchester: 

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A Geography of Australasia. By G. Taylor. Pp. 

 176. (Oxford : Clarendon Press.) is. 6d. 



The Indian Museum, 1814-1914. Pp. xi+i364- 

 Ixxxvii. (Calcutta : Indian Museum.) 



The Psychological Researches of James McKeen 

 Cattell. A Review by some of his Pupils. (Archives 

 of Psychology, No. 30. April.) Pp. v+ioi. (New 

 York : The Science Press.) 



Transactions of the Institution of Engineers and 

 Shipbuilders in Scotland. Vol. Iviii. Nov. Part i. 

 (Glasgow : Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders.) 



The Master-Key : a New Philosophy. By D. Blair. 

 Pp. vi+ii8. (Wimbledon: Ashrama Agency.) 3s. 6d. 

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Bulletin No. 12. The Indian Association for the 

 Cultivation of Science : Iron in Ancient India. By 

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Canada. Department of Mines. Geological Sur- 

 vey Branch. Memoir No. 20 E. : Gold Fields of Nova 

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 Memoir 42 : The Double-Cur\'e Motive in North- 

 eastern Algonkian Art. By F. G. Speck. Pp. 17 + 

 Figs. 25 + Plates xviii. (Ottawa : Government Print- 

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University of Bristol. Calendar, 1914-15. Pp. 324. 

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Stability and Equilibrium of Floating Bodies. By 

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A Manual of Weeds. By .\. E. Georgia Pp. xi-f- 

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Food Products. By Prof. H. C. Sherman. Pp. 

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History of Upper Assam, Upper Burmah, and 

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Transpiration and the Ascent of Sap in Plants. By 

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The Mirror of Perception. By L. Hall. Pp. 129. 

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