4H 



NATURE 



[December io, 1914 



William James and Henri Bergson, by Dr. H. M. 

 Kallen. Pp. xi + 248. (Chicago, 111. : University of 

 Chicago Press ; London : Cambridge University 

 Press.) 6s. net. 



Water Reptiles of the Past and Present. By Prof. 

 S. W. Williston. Pp. vii + 251. (Chicago, 111.: Uni- 

 versity of Chicago Press ; London : Cambridge Uni- 

 versity Press.) I2S. net. 



Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland. 

 Proceedings. Part iv.' Pp. 32. (London : Institute 

 of Chemistry.) is. net. 



The Teaching of Mathematics in Australia. By 

 Prof. H. S. Carslaw. Pp. 79. (Sydney: Angus and 

 Robertson ; London : Oxford University Press.) 

 2S. 6d. net. 



An Introduction to the Geology of New South 

 Wales. By C. A. Siissmilch. Second edition. Pp. 

 xviii + 269. (Sydney: Angus and Robertson; Lon- 

 don : Oxford University Press.) 7s. 6d. net. 



The Butterflies of Australia : a Monograph of the 

 Australian Rhopalocera. By G. A. Waterhouse and 

 G. Lyell. Pp. vi + 239 + plates. (Sydney: Angus and 

 Robertson ; London : Oxford University Press.) 42s. 

 net. 



The Year-Book of the Scientific and Learned Socie- 

 ties of Great Britain and Ireland. Thirty-first Annual 

 Issue. Pp. vi + 376. (London : C. Griffin and Co., 

 Ltd.) 7s. 6d. net. , 



What is Adaptation? By Dr. R. E. Lloyd. Pp. 

 xi+iio. (London: Longmans and Co.) 2s. 6d. net. 



Through the Brazilian Wilderness. By T. Roose- 

 velt. Pp. xiv4-374. (London: John Murray.) i8s. 

 net. 



The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam. 

 Vol. i., No. 2. (London : Luzac and Co.) 6s. 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



THURSDAY, December 10. 



ROVAL Society, at 4.30. — I he Measurement of Arterial Pressure in Man. 

 I. : The Auditory Method. II. : A Schematic Investigation : M. Flack, 

 Prof. L. Hill and ]. McQueen. — The Electrical Conductivity of 

 Echinoderm Eggs, and its Bearing on the Problem."! of Fertilisation and 

 Artihcial Parthenogenesis : J. Gray. — The Endemic Flora of Ceylon with 

 Reference to Geographical Distribution and Evolution in General : Dr. 

 J. C. W^illis. 



Mathematical Society, at 5.30. — Simultaneous Equations, Linear or 

 Functional : E. H. Neville. — Integrals and Derivatives, with respect to a 

 Function : W. H. Young. 



Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8. — Automatic Protective 

 Switchgear for Alternating Current Systems : E. B. Wedmore. 



FRIDAY, December 11. 



Royal Astronomical Society, at 5. — 1 he Temperature Coefficients of the 

 Edinburgh Transit Circle : R. A. Sampson and E. H. Baker. — Observa- 

 tions of the Transit of Mercury, 1914, November 6-7. made at the Uni- 

 versity Observatory, Warsaw : S. Tscherny. — The Transit of Mercury, 

 1914, November 6-7: Rev. A. L. Cortie. — Micrometrical Measures of 

 no Wide Double Stars : W. S. Franks.— The Nebula Hv. 20 Cet! : Mrs. 

 Isaac Roberts.- — Probable Paper: Prof. Turner's Theory of a Sun-spot 

 Swarm of Meteors Associated with the Leonids : R. A. Sampson. 



Malacological Society, at 8. — The Geographical Distribution oi Purpura 

 lapillus (X") '• Rev. A. H.Cooke. — 1 he Non-Marine Mollusca of a Post- 

 Pliocene Deposit at Apethorpe, Northants : A. S. Kennard and B. B. 

 Woodward. —Monstrosities ol Cypraea : L. St. G. Byne. — Monstrosities 

 in Littorhia rudis : J. E. Cooper. 



Junior Institution of Engineers, at 8. — Circulation of Boilers : L. 

 Le Soeur. 



MONDAY, December 14. 



RoYAi. Geographical Society, at 8.30. — Frontier Work on the Bolivia- 

 Brazil Boundary : Capt. H. A. Edwards. 



RovAL Society of Arts, at 8. — The History and Practice of the Art of 

 Printing : R. A. Peddie. 



Aristotelian Society, at 8. — Symposium: Instinct and Emotion: W. 

 McDougall. A. F. Shand, and Prof. G. F. Stout. 



Society of ENGiNEF.RS,at 7.30. — Annual General Meeting. 



Victoria Institute, at 4.30. — The Principles of World Empire : E. W. 

 Maunder. 



Junior Institution of Engineers, at 8. — Presidential .\ddress : The 

 War and Engineering : The Marquis of Graham. 



TUESDAY, December 15. 

 Royal Statistical Society, at 5. — A Further Note on the Fertility 

 of Marriage in Scotland. Errors of Statement as to the Duration of 

 Marriage : Dr. J. C. Dunlop. — Notes on the Census of Occupations : 

 D. C. Jones. 



NO. 2354, VOL. 94] 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at t.— Further Discussion : Tt%ti of 

 Reinforced Concrete Structures on the Great Central Railway : J. B. 

 Ball. -Corrosion of Steel Wharves at Kowloon : S. H. Ellis.— Concreting 

 in Freezing Weather and the Effect of Frost upon Conciete : J. 

 Hammersley Heenan. 



IVFDJVESDAY, DF.CRMnnR 16. 



Royal Society of Arts, at 8.— Te.sling Pigments for Permanence of 

 Colour : Sir William de Wiveslie Abney. 



Royal Meteorological Society, at 7.30.— Distribution of Relative 

 Humidity in England and Wales : W. F. Stacey.— Observations of the 

 Upper Atmosphere at Aberdeen by Means of Pilot Balloons: A. E. M. 

 Geddes. . „ , . 



Royal Microscopical Society, at 8.— X-Rays in Relation to Micro- 

 scopy : J. E. Barnard. 



Gbological Society, at 8.— The Palasolithic Age and its Climate m 

 Egypt : Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie. 



THURSDAY, December 17. 



Royal Society of Arts, at 4.30.— The Indigo Industry : Dr. F. Mollwo 

 Perkin. 



Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, at 8. 



Institution of Petroleum Technologists, at 8. — Notes on the 

 Development of the Trinidad Oilfields: Prof. J. Cadman. 



LiNNEAN Society, at 5. — "Witches Brooms," caused by the Gall-mite, 

 Eriophyes triradiatus, Nal., on Salix fragilis, illustiated by lantern- 

 slides : M. Christy.— The Brent Valley Bird Sanciuary ; An E.xperiment 

 in Bird Protection : W. M. Webb. 



FRIDAY, December 18. 

 Institution OF Mechanical Engineers, at 8. 

 Wireless Society, at 8.— The High Frequency Resistance of Wires and 



Coils : Prof G. W. Osborn Howe. 

 Physical Society, at 5.— Exhibition and Description of Some Apparatus 



for Class Work in Practical Physics : Dr. G. b. C. Searle.— A Vacuum 



Guard Ring and its Application to the Determination of the Thermal 



Conductivity of Alercury : H. R. Nettleton. 



CONTENTS. 



P.\GE 



Relativity 3^7 



Practical Chemistry 3^7 



Mathematical Books: Elementary and Advanced. 



By* 389 



Our Bookshelf 39° 



Letters to the Editor :— 



Soldiers as Anthropologists.— Prof. Arthur Keith, 



F.R.S 391 



A Central Thought of Vector Analysis as Used in 



Physics.— Prof. Frederick Slate . . -392 



Science and National Needs.— Edward A. Martin 392 



The Supply of Pitwood. (illustrated.) By A. H. . . 393 

 Wookey Hole. {Illustrated.) By Prof. A. Keith, 



F.R.S 395 



Notes 397 



Our Astronomical Column :— 



1 distribution of Elements in the Solar Atmosphere . 401 

 Photographs of Halley's Comet and Comets of the 



Year 191 1 . . 40l 



Strange Objects Transiting the Sun's Disc 401 



Stars having Peculiar Spectra .... .... 402 



Effects of the War on Scientific Undertakings . 402 

 The Natural History Museum in Theory and 



Practice. {Illustrated.) 403 



Bacterial Diseases of Plants. {Illustrated.) By 



M. C. P. . . ■ ^ i ^ ^^^ 

 Zoology at the British Association. By Dr. J. H. 



Ashworth ^ " „ ' '*°5 



The Supply of Chemicals to Britain and Her 



Dependencies. By Sir WilUam A. Tilden, F.R.S. 410 



University and Educational InteUigence 411 



Societies and Academies 4^2 



Books Received 4^3 



Diary of Societies 4I4 



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Editorial Communications to the Editor. 



Telegraphic .Address: Phusis, London. 

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