January 31, 1901] 



NATURE 



2>11 



ARTS 



also really be of a.ssistance to the comparatively few picked stu- 

 dents who will well repay any opportunities placed in their path 

 for advanced study and subsequent research in applied science. 



That there is no difficulty in getting students to travel, as has 

 been suggested, is borne out by an appendix to the last report of 

 the Manchester Committee for Technical Instruction. It is there 

 set forth that last year there were, among the 4313 students of 

 ihe technical school, no fewer than 2266 students from out- 

 districts, of whom 18 came from Bolton, 25 from Bury, 44 from 

 Oldham and HoJlinwood, 16 

 from Rochdale, 348 from Sal- 

 ford, and 43 from Stockport, to 

 name only a few towns from a 

 long list in the report before us. 



It is not recognised sufficiently 

 that the technical education this 

 country stands in need of is not 

 elementary instruction in pure 

 science. It has been demon- 

 strated again and again in these 

 columns that such teaching is 

 really a part of every reasonable 

 system of secondary education. 

 When this is fully understood, 

 the large classes in elementary 

 science subjects will disappear 

 from our technical schools. In 

 their place we shall have stu- 

 dents at work who, before 

 entering the technical school, 

 have become familiar with the 

 broad principles of physical and 



METHODS OF FORMA TION OF HAIL> 

 'X'HERE are many reasons for believing that hailstones are 

 formed in the free atmosphere by some one of several 

 different processes, each of which may be in accord with the 

 laws of thermodynamics : — 



( I ) An ascending mass of air may be so dry that it does not 

 cool to the dew-point until far below the freezing temperature, 

 in which case the deposit is either fine spicule of ice or aggre- 

 gations of these into small snowflakes. 



ECONOMICS 



I MEDICINB I 



THEOLOGY 



COLLEGE ^ 



16 YEARS 



UNIVERSITY 



NO UPWARDS 



STUDIES FOR INDUSTRIAL LIFE. 



■ Ml 



Jeli 



MECH.\.\' 



EClTllCMJcHEMISTml TEXTILES 



^RCHITECT" 



1 



r 



MUNICIPAL DAY TECHNICAL SCHOOL 



15 YEARS >^ra> UPWARDS 



r^ 



chemical science, and who are 

 now in a position to turn their 

 attention to technical science — 

 the application of pure science 

 to the industry with which the 

 student is connected. 



Such a policy as has been 

 indicated would make another 

 desirable development possible. 

 A specialisation of function on 

 the part of schools in different 

 towns could then be encouraged 

 where necessary. Given a tho- 

 roughly representative authority 

 for a sufficiently large area, and 

 the apparent necessity of a class 

 in every conceivable subject for 

 each borough disappears. Each 

 important technical school will 

 be able to bend its efforts to 

 solving the question of the 

 proper form of technical instruc- 

 tion for one particular industry, 

 or part of an industry. And 

 Manchester, with the large 

 number of great towns in its 

 immediate neighbourhood, is an 

 ideal district in which to begin 

 some such sensible and econom- 

 ical supply of technical educa- 

 tion. By all means let us have 

 a generous supply of elementary 

 evening classes in every town, 

 but do let it be borne in mind that 

 this work should only be regarded 

 as preparatory. The serious need 

 is for more centres where ad- 

 vanced students are looked after. 



In conclusion, another instance of the enterprise of the Man- 

 chester Committee must be mentioned. At the instigation of 

 their Director they have secured for exhibition in Manchester 

 the fine educational collection which the American Government 

 sent to the Paris International Exhibition. Invitations to teachers 

 and others interested in education to come and examine this 

 unique collection of objects are being sent far and wide. It 

 cannot but have a good effect to show English educationists 

 some of the ways in which America is in advance of us in this 



I I 



EVENING SCHOOLS ron SCIENCE. ART. 

 COMMERCIAL >.Nn TECHNICAL SUBJECTS 



CONDUCTED wt riii: TECH-INSXr COMMITTEE — ... SCHOOL Ua\RD 

 lOVFARS »w> UPWARDS 



EVTNLNG CONTINUATION SCHOOLS 



SCHOOL BOARD 

 l2,o16YEARS 



ELEMENTARY DAY SCHOOLS 



-^ 



matter of training intelligent workmen. 

 NO. 1 631, VOL. 63] 



A. T. Simmons. 



DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE 

 CORREL^^TION of EDUCATION 



IN THE 



CITY OF MANCHESTER. 



. (2) If the dew-point is a little higher than the preceding, the 

 cloudy condensation may occur at temperatures just above the 

 freezing point, and the watery particles may be carried up a 

 little higher and frozen into what is called frozen fog. These 

 same particles, when driven by the wind against an object, 

 accumulate on it as frostwork. 



(3) When a rising mass of air forms a large cumulus cloud at 

 a low level, having a rapidly ascending current in its interior, 



1 Abridged from a contribution by Prof. Cleviland Abbe to the U.S. 

 Monthly Weather Review. 



