February 14, 1901] 



NA TURE 



385 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Oxford. — The degree of D.Sc. honoris causa\\2i's, been con- 

 ferred upon Dr. Oliver Lodge, and the degree of D.Litt. homris 

 causa upon Dr. F. J. Furnivall. 



Mr. A. E. Boycott, of Oriel, has been elected to a senior 

 demyship at Magdalen College to enable him to continue 

 research in physiology and pathology. 



Cambridge. — The collection of ethnological specimens 

 formed in the Maldive Islands by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner has 

 been gratefully accepted by the University for the Museum of 

 Ethnology. 



Dr. A. W. Ward has been elected a member of the council of 

 the Senate in the place of Bishop Ryle. 



The following have been appointed electors to professor- 

 ships : — Chemistry, Dr. A. Macalister ; Plumian (astronomy), 

 Dr. Ferrers ; Anatomy, Prof. Newton ; Botany, Prof. Bayley 

 Balfour; Geology, Dr. R. D. Roberts; Jacksonian (natural 

 philosophy). Dr. J. Larnior ; Downing (medicine), Prof. 

 Liveing ; Mineralogy, Mr. J. E. Marr ; Zoology, Mr. F. 

 Darwin ; Mechanism, Prof. Forsyth ; Physiology, Dr. P. II. 

 Pye-Smith ; Surgery, Dr. D MacAIister ; Pathology, Prof. 

 Allbutt ; Agriculture, Dr. D. MacAIister. 



Mt. Clinton T. Dent has been appointed an examiner in 

 surgery in the place of Prof. Chiene. 



The Isaac Newton Studentship in physical astronomy has been 

 awarded to Mr. S. B. McLaren, of Trinity, third wrangler 

 1900. 



The Adams Prize, for a memoir on electric waves, has been 

 awarded to Mr. H. M. Macdonald, Fellow of Clare. 



A Shuttlewoith Scholarship in botany and comparative ana- 

 tomy, of the value of 55/. a year for three years, will be filled 

 up at Caius College in Maich. Candidates muat be medical 

 students of not less than eight terms' standing. Application is 

 to be made to the senior tutor by March 1. 



Mr. E. J. Garwood has been appointed to the Yates Gold- 

 smid chair of geology and mineralogy at University College, 

 London, in succession to Prof. T. G. Bonney. 



Prof H. Lloyd Snai-e has been appointed Director of 

 Education to the Lancashire County Council. Formerly the 

 directorship was limited to technical instruction, but the duties 

 of the office have now been enlarged by the inclu-ion of all 

 education other than elementary. For more than twelve years 

 Dr. Snape has held the chair of chemistry at the University 

 College of Aberystwith. 



The Manufacturers' Association of New York recently voted 

 the sum of 2000 dollars (or an industrial scholarship, including 

 the cost of tuition for four years and incidental expenses. The 

 purpose of the association in providing means for the industrial 

 education of a young man of Greater New York is to encourage 

 young men to qualify themselves for leadership in industrial 

 pursuits. A committee has been appointed to arrange the 

 details and to conduct the examination of the candidates. 



A paper on the national organisation of agricultural educa- 

 tion, contributed to the January number of the Record of 

 Technical and Secondary Education, directs attention to the 

 need for establishing instruction in agriculture upon a foundation 

 of general science instead of regarding it as a special science 

 with its own particular principles. Other articles in the Record 

 deal with the organisation of individual secondary schools, local 

 schemes of commercial education, education at the Paris Exhi- 

 bition, horticultural education in Surrey, and school gardens. 



The following is a single week's statement of gifts to edu- 

 cational and scientific institutions in the United States. The 

 announcements are from Science. John D. Archbold, of New 

 York City, a vice-president of the Standard Oil Company, has 

 given 400,000 dollars to the endowment fund of Syracuse 

 University, on the condition that a like amount be raised among 

 other friends of the institution ; Mr. Andrew Carnegie has given 

 225,000 dollars to the Upper Iowa University, at Fayette, la., 

 to be used preferably for a library, and 50,000 dollars to Aurora 

 College, an Illinois institution ; Augustana College at Rock 

 Island, III., has received about 30,000 dollars from Messrs. E. C. 

 and J. A. Ericsson, of Boone, la. ; Mr. John D. Rockefeller 

 has offered to give 15,000 dollars to Carson and Newman 

 College, a Baptist institution in Tennessee, provided 50,000 

 dollars in addition be raised ; Carleton College, at Northfield, 



NO. 1633, VOL. 63] 



Minn., has added 150,000 dollars to its permanent endowment 

 fund, 50,000 dollars being the gift of Dr. D. K. Pearsons, and 

 the remaining 100,000 dollars being raised from various sources. 

 A Return just issued by the Board of Education brings 

 together a large amount of information as to the award of 

 scholarships by County Councils in England. The scholar- 

 ships are divided into three classes, viz. (i) junior scholarships 

 intended to enable pupils in elementary schools to proceed to 

 secondary schools ; (2) intermediate scholarships, usually in 

 continuation of junior scholarships, and tenable at secondary 

 schools or technical colleges ; (3) major or senior scholarships, 

 comprising also those awarded in various special subjects. It 

 appears from the Return that of the 4678 winners of junior 

 scholarships specified, 4231 were in attendance at an elemen- 

 tary school, and 447 at a secondary or other school. Of the 

 519 winners of intermediate scholarships, 307 had previously 

 held junior scholarships. The number of major scholarships 

 awarded by the County Councils for general proficiei>cy is 360, 

 in addition to which 188 are awarded for agricultural subjects, 

 43 for horticultural subjects, and 150 for mining. These scholar- 

 ships vary considerably in value, but generally they are of larger 

 amount than those of the other classes, and some of them enable 

 students to proceed to institutions of University rank. Particulars 

 are given in the Return of all the County Council scholarships 

 awarded in England in the three financial years ending on March 

 31, 1899, and also of the occupations of the parents of the winners 

 of the scholarships. We see from this that the children of 

 "professional and general" parents head the list of scholarship 

 winners, and are followed by those of "clerks, agents and 

 warehousemen," and then by children whose parents follow 

 "building trades." It is evident, however, that the relative 

 abilities of the children of parents of the different classes cannot 

 be estimated Irom the positions of the children in the list without 

 knowing the proportional numbers of each class in the popula- 

 tion. 



Though there are few signs that the scheme for the establish- 

 ment of a West of England University is making much head- 

 way, the speech by Sir Michael Foster at a meeting held at 

 University College, Bristol, last week, and attended by many 

 men of influence and means, should do something to bring ' 

 about a modus operandi between the authorities of the educa- 

 tional institutions which would form part of the University. 

 Sir Michael Foster remarked in the course of his speech : — 

 " One idea in the establishment of Universities in the renaissance 

 was that each University was a guild for the advancement of 

 learning, and that had, with various changes, remained their 

 object ever since. They were institutions ior the advancement 

 of learning ; not only for the spreading of knowledge, but for 

 the pushing forward of the known into the unknown. They 

 had been through all time, with little variation, the great 

 instruments of inquiry and research. A teaching body, whether 

 it was called a college or a University, was a University in prin- 

 ciple and in reality, and the whole of its actions were governed 

 by the dominant principle of research, of inquiry into the un- 

 known. Universities, to be real and true Universities, ought not 

 to be merely machines for converting knowledge into pap and 

 distributing it into open mouths. They ought to have some 

 living feature and act as ferment upon the young minds, induc- 

 ing changes, so that knowledge would grow up of itself in the 

 mind when the mind was brought under its influence. It was 

 this vital and living feature which was the dominant feature of 

 a University, or a Univefsity College, or of the teaching of any 

 University, by whatever name if was called. He would say to 

 the citizens of Bristol that they had in their midst a body — 

 whether they called it a University or a University College it was 

 practically a University— the teachers of which he knew from 

 personal knowledge to be truly inspired with the feeling of the 

 necessity of inquiry into the unknown. He ventured to suggest 

 that it was desirable such an institution, which must have great 

 influence on all the intellectual progress, and therefore on the 

 material advance of the West of England, ought to be founded, 

 not upon the shifting sands of annual subscription, but upon the 

 solid rock of permanent endowments." The citizens of Bristol 

 should learn from this that they have in University College a 

 nucleus of a modern University like that founded in Birmingham 

 upon Mason College. Nothing should be permitted to delay 

 the formation of an organic plan, to realise which an appeal for 

 endowments can be made. The West of England ought to 

 show that it can nurture education and science as well as the 

 Midlands. 



