LIVERPOOL PEOPLE. 45 



was somewhat rarely an appearance of actual misery, but a stu- 

 pid, hopeless, state-prison-for-life sort of expression. There were 

 not unfrequently some exceptions to this, but these were mostly 

 men in some uniform or livery, as railroad hands, servants, and 

 soldiers. 



The next morning, in the court-yard of the Exchange (the 

 regular 'Change assemblage seemed to meet out of doors), we 

 saw a large collection of the merchants. There was nothing to 

 distinguish them from a company of a similar kind with us, be- 

 yond a general Englishness of feature and an entire absence of 

 all oddities with astonishing beards and singularities of costume. 

 One young man only wore small clothes and leggins, which would 

 perhaps have disagreeably subjected him to be noticed with us. 

 They were stouter than our merchants, and more chubby-faced, 

 yet not looking in vigorous health. They were, on the whole, 

 judging by a glance at their outsides, to be more respected than 

 any lot of men of the same number that I ever saw together in 

 Wall street. Many of them, and most of the well-dressed men 

 that we have seen in the streets, have a green leaf and simple 

 posy in a button-hole of their coats. 



The shopkeepers of the better class, or retail merchants, are 

 exactly the same men, to all appearance, who stand behind the 

 counters with us. Merchant, means only a wholesale dealer in 

 England ; retailers are shopkeepers. The word store is never 

 applied to a building ; but the building in which goods are stored 

 is a warehouse. 



Women are more employed in trade than with us ; I have no 

 doubt with advantage. The women in the streets are more 

 noticeably different from ours than the men. In general, they 

 seem cheaply and coarsely clad. Many of the lower class have 

 their outer garments ordinarily drawn up behind, in the scrub- 

 bing-floor fashion. Caps are universally worn, and being gener- 





