BIPRO VED DAIR Y STOCK. 151 



them; but now they find" (in improved pasture) "that the best 

 of stock find ample support, not only to supply the cheese-tub 

 freely, but also to do justice to their lineage, by retaining, if not 

 improving, their size and symmetry ; so that the farmer has not 

 only the advantage of making considerably more cheese, but also 

 of making more money by his turn of stock." 



I cannot now ascertain the amount of bones annually exported 

 from the United States to England, but it must be very great, as 

 I know one bone-miller, near New York, that has a standing 

 order to ship all he can furnish at a certain price, and who last 

 year thus disposed of 80,000 bushels. 



Breeds of Dairy Stock. I have already described most of the 

 dairy stock that we have observed along the road. We have 

 seen scarcely any pure bred stock of any kind. Ayrshire blood 

 seems to predominate and be most in favor on the best farms. 

 The points of the short-horns are also common, and in the south 

 we saw some Herefords. The best milkers seemed to be a mixed 

 blood of Ayrshires, and some other large and long-horned cattle, 

 with a smaller red and black breed, probably Welsh. I incline 

 to think that experience has taught the dairy-men to prefer half 

 or quarter bred stock to full bloods of any breed. For beef- 

 making it is otherwise. I have seen no working oxen. Horses 

 are the only beasts of draught on the farms ; they vary greatly 

 in quality, but are generally stout, heavy, hardy, and very pow- 

 erful. On a farm of one hundred acres, three will be kept, 

 sometimes four, and at about that rate on the larger farms, with 

 an additional saddle-horse or two for his own use, if the farmer 

 can afford it. Farmers generally raise their own cows, choosing 

 heifer calves from their best milker for the purpose. Cattle are 

 not commonly reared for sale here. Few sheep are raised ; but 

 many are brought lean from Wales and Ireland, and fatted here. 



