AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 155 



these, often less than eighteen inches from the surface. The 

 action of the drains was thus often imperfect. It is now custom- 

 ary for the landlords, when they furnish tile, to stipulate the depth 

 at which they shall be laid. They sometimes also lay out the 

 courses and distances of the drains. The Marquis of Westmin- 

 ster employs an engineer, who appoints foremen, and, to a certain 

 extent, suitably-trained laborers, to secure the drainage of his 

 tenant-lands in the most lastingly economical and beneficial 

 manner. Last winter he had two hundred men so employed, in 

 addition to the labor furnished by the tenants themselves, and 

 over one million tiles were laid by them. I heard nowhere any 

 thing but gratification and satisfaction expressed with the opera- 

 tion of the thorough-drains.* 



Implements. After breaking up the sward of these heavy 

 lands with a deep, narrow furrow-slicing plow, an admirable in- 

 strument, quite commonly in use and everywhere spoken well of, 

 for crushing and pulverizing the soil in a much more effectual 

 and rapid manner than the harrow, is Croskill's Patent Clod- 

 crusher Roller. 



" This implement," according to the inventor's advertisement, 

 " consists of twenty-three roller parts, with serrated and uneven 

 surfaces, placed upon a round axle, six feet wide by two and a 

 half feet in diameter. The roller-parts act independent of each 

 other upon the axle, thus producing a self-cleaning movement. 

 Of course the roller must only be used when the land is so dry 

 as not to stick. 



" The following are the various uses to which this implement 

 is applied : 



* A careful account was kept with one large farm, drained eight years ago by the Mar- 

 quis of Westminster. The increased production attributed to the operation is now equal 

 to 27 per cent, per annum on the expenditure, and it was lately leased with a correspond- 

 ing improved rental 



