156 AY AMERICAN FARMER IN ENGLAND. 



" 1. For rolling corn as soon as sown upon light lands ; also 

 upon strong lands, that are cloddy, before harrowing. 



" 2. For rolling wheats upon light lands in the spring, after 

 frosts and winds have left the plants bare. 



" 3. For stopping the ravages of the wire-worm and grub. 



" 4. For crushing clods after turnip crops, to sow barley. 



" 5. For rolling barley, oats, etc., when the plants are three 

 inches out of the ground, before sowing clover, etc. 



" 6. For rolling turnips in the rough leaf before hoeing, where 

 the plants are attacked by wire-worm. 



" 7. For rolling grass lands and mossy lands after compost. 



" 8. For rolling between the rows of potatoes, when the plants 

 are several inches out of the ground. 



" Cash prices, with traveling wheels complete, 6 feet 6 inches, 

 21 ; 6 feet, 19 10s. ; 5 feet 6 inches, 18." 



For still more deeply stirring, and for bringing weeds to the 

 surface of soil recently plowed, a great variety of instruments 

 entirely unknown in America are in common use here. They all 

 consist of sets of tines, or teeth, placed between a pair of wheels, 

 and so attached to them that, by means of a lever, having the 

 axletree of the wheels for a fulcrum, the depth to which they shall 

 penetrate is regulated ; and they may at any time be raised en- 

 tirely above the surface, dropping and relieving themselves from 

 the weeds and roots which they have collected. Thus, they may 

 be described as combining the action of the harrow, the cultivator, 

 and the horse-rake. (The wire-tooth horse-rake is used as an 

 instrument of tillage by Judge Van Bergen, at Coxsackie, N. Y.) 

 They are designated variously by different manufacturers as 

 grubbers, scarifiers, extirpators, harrows, and cultivators. The 

 "Uley Cultivator" is one of the simplest and most efficient. In 

 this the tines are raised by turning a crank, each complete turn 

 of which raises or depresses them one inch. The depth to which 



