176 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



spores are found in a mother cell. It is a low yeast 

 when grown in beer wort ; but it is really a species 

 of wine ferment, which produces the spontaneous 

 fermentation in must. 



Saccharomyces conglomeratic. The cells are al- 

 most round (Fig. 39, 5), measuring from 5 to 6 ^ 

 in diameter, and united in clusters. This organism 

 occurs in wine at the beginning of the fermentation, 

 and on decaying grapes. 



Saccharomyces exiguus. The cells are conical 

 (5 fju x 2 -5 //,), and are united in slightly branched 

 colonies (Fig. 39, 6). Spore-forming cells each 

 contain from two to three spores, which lie in a 

 row. This organism occurs in the after-fermenta- 

 tion of beer. 



Saccharomyces Pastorianus. The cells are oval 

 or elongated (Fig. 39, 7). 'The colonies consist 

 of primary club-shaped links (18 to 22 //, long), 

 which build lateral, secondary, round or oval 

 daughter-cells (5 to 6 //, long).' The spores number 

 from two to four. This organism occurs in the 

 after-fermentation of wine, fruit-wines, and fer- 

 menting beer. It is very common in the air. 



Saccharomyces apiculatus. The cells are lemon- 

 shaped (Fig. 39, 8) and from 6 to 8 yu, long x from 

 2 to 3 fju broad, and sometimes slightly elongated. 

 Gemmation occurs only at the pointed ends. Spore 

 formation is unknown. It occurs in fermented 

 wine, in spontaneous fermentations of all kinds of 

 fruits, and in certain kinds of beer. It is a low yeast, 

 giving rise to a feeble alcoholic fermentation, and 

 it does not invert sucrose. When mixed with S. 



