INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MICROBES, ETC. 227 



in zooglcea, and it is motile and aerobic. Numbers 

 of this microbe are found in the ' rice-water ' stools 

 formed by the desquamation of the mucous mem- 

 brane of the intestines. They also occur in the in- 

 testinal follicles, and in the sub-epithelial spaces, 

 and probably in the kidneys and urine. 



There are several other comma-shaped bacilli, but 

 these differ in many respects from the microbe 

 which Koch has so frequently found in choleraic 

 dejecta. The following is the list of the other 

 comma-shaped bacilli, with the names of their dis- 

 coverers : 



(a) Finkler and Prior's bacillus (Spirillum Fink- 

 leri), found in cholera nostras. It is thicker than 

 Koch's bacillus ; and the colonies on gelatine plates 

 are much larger than those of the comma bacillus 

 of the same age. (6) Lewis's Spirillum sputigenum 

 was found in the saliva ; it is thicker than Koch's 

 bacillus, and is quite distinct from the latter 

 microbe, (c) Miller's bacillus was found in some 

 cases of caries of the teeth ; it is similar to Tinkler's 

 bacillus. (d) Kuisl's bacillus, found in human 

 faeces, is also similar to Tinkler's bacillus, (e) 

 Spirillum tyrogenum (see Fig. 24) of Deneke is 

 smaller than Koch's bacillus. It occurs in old 

 cheeses, and, unlike the comma bacillus, it will not 

 grow on steamed potatoes. (/) Klein's bacillus 

 was found in some cases of diarrhoea, especially in 

 monkeys. It grows differently in gelatine, giving 

 rise to an offensive smell, (g) Ermengem and 

 others have found comma-shaped bacilli in the 

 intestines of guinea-pigs, pigs, rabbits, horses, etc., 



