FRITILLARIES, VANESSAS, PURPLE EMPEROR 159 



The chi^ysalis is of a shiny black colour, with brownish abdomen ; 

 and the conical projections are black with yellow tips. 



The Higli-broiun Fritillary (Argynnis Adippe) 



The upper side of this butterfly is so much like that of Aglaia 

 that it would be difficult indeed to give a written description of 

 one that did not almost equally well apply to the other ; so we look 

 to the under surface for the chief marks by which we can distinguish 

 between them. 



On this side (Plate III, fig. 1) the fore wings are much the same 

 as those of Aglaia. The hind wings, too, are very similarly coloured 

 and marked, but here we have a distinguishing feature in a row of 

 rust-red spots with sil- 

 very centres, just inside 

 the silver border of the 

 hind margin. 



This butterfly is com- 

 mon in open spaces of 

 woods in many parts of 

 England, more particu- 

 larly in the south, and 

 seems to be also fond of 

 hilly heaths and moors. 



It is on the wing in 



July, and, towards the end of this month and in the beginning of 

 August, the eggs are laid on the leaves of the dog \\o\et~(Viola 

 canina] and heartsease (V. tricolor). 



The young caterpillar emerges about two weeks later, and feeds 

 only for a short time before it seeks out its winter quarters among 

 the dead leaves at the root of its food plant. The feeding is resumed 

 in the spring, and continued till the month of June, when it is fully 

 grown. At this time it is about an inch and a half long. Its head 

 is black, and its body pinkish brown. A white line extends down 

 the back, but is interrupted by several black marks. The spines, 

 of which there are six rows, are white, with pinkish tips. 



The Silver-washed Fritillary (Argynnis Paphia] 



This beautiful and noble butterfly is the largest of the Fritillaries, 

 and the most powerful on the wing. During the latter part of June 



FIG. 71. THE HIGH-BKOWN FRITILLAKY. 



