THE BE OWNS AND HEATHS 181 



The chrysalis is pale brown, spotted and striped with a darker 

 hade of the same colour. 



The Marsh Ringlet (Ccenonympha Typliori) 



The upper surface of this butterfly is shown in the first fignre 

 of Plate VI, and the under side in the accompanying woodcut ; 

 but it must be remembered that the species is a very variable one, 

 so much so that it is almost impossible to give anything like a short 

 and, at the same time, a satisfactory description. The female may 

 usually be distinguished by a pale patch across the middle of the fore 

 wings ; and the eye spots of the same wings, always more or less 

 indistinct when present, are sometimes entirely wanting. The 

 markings of the under side are even more variable, the transverse 

 bars and the eye spots being often 

 particularly conspicuous, and at 

 other times hardly discernible. 



This is generally spoken of as a 

 northerner, its chief localities being 

 in the mountainous parts of Scot- 

 land and the elevated districts of 

 the north of England, but in Ire- 

 land it extends to the southern Fm. 82.- THE MARSH KINGLET 

 ranges. Its haunts are elevated UNDER SIDE. 



moors and marshy heaths, where 



its food plant the beak-rush (Rhyncospora alba) abounds, and it 

 is on the wing from the end of June to August or September. 



The caterpillar is green, with five longitudinal stripes one dark 

 one, bordered with yellow, down the middle of the back, and two 

 pale yellow ones on each side. It is a hybernator, and is full grown 

 about the end of May, when it suspends itself by the hindmost 

 claspers to a silken carpet, and changes to a green chrysalis with 

 pale brown wing cases. 



The Small Heath (Canonympha Pampliilus) 



The last member of the family Satyridce is the well-known Small 

 Heath, that may be seen almost all over the British Isles on heaths, 

 meadows and moors, from May to September. 



The upper surface of this butterfly (Plate V.I, fig. 2) is a tawny 

 yellow 7 , with a dark brown border, and a spot of the same dark tint 



