CALIFORNIA CITRUS CULTURE. 33 



fertilizer underneath the spread of the branches or as close to them as 

 possible has called for a low, squat drill with seeding box extending 

 out at either end beyond the wheels. This is well exemplified in some 

 of the later models of orchard drills now on the market. 



Efforts to put on the market a satisfactory combined seeder and 

 fertilizer drill that will handle all kinds of both materials in the proper 

 quantities per acre have not as yet been altogether a success. Such a 

 drill is greatly needed for the smaller orchardist. He who has but a 

 few acres may more profitably hire his seeding done, or rent a drill, or 

 perhaps own a small interest with others in a community drill, because 

 the tool is used so very seldom during the year. The same applies to. 

 the fertilizing. 



Spraying Outfit. In most localities the spraying of citrus trees at 

 one or another season of the year is a commercial necessity. Small 

 orchardists usually find it cheaper to buy and mix their own materials 

 and hire the owner of a machine to come and do the spraying. In the 

 larger grove the power spray outfit, with gas engine, force pump and 

 200-gallon to 250-gallon tank with agitator, is now a part of the regular 

 equipment. Very satisfactory work is being done with the barrel spray 

 pump in some small orchards. This requires one man to operate the 

 hand pump while another handles the nozzle. 



Miscellaneous Tools. Other tools might be mentioned, such as the 

 one-horse cultivator and one-horse marker often used in young orchards, 

 the ' ' cyclone ' ' and ' ' straight knife ' ' for cutting weeds, the spring-tooth 

 harrow, the reversible disk and share plows for hillside and special 

 needs, the brush cutter for chopping up the prunings to be thrown into 

 the orchard for mulch, the manure spreader, tank wagon, fumigation 

 cart, scrapers and drag-floats for leveling and grading the land, long 

 fiandled and hand pruning shears, curved saw, grafting wax or, if pre- 

 ferred, thin putty, clippers with curved points, King's soil tester, 

 ladders and other picking equipment, pruning tools, and the many 

 smaller hand tools. But these are either such common ordinary tools 

 that each man is in a position to enumerate his own needs and select 

 the best obtainable in his community, or they are tools that may be 

 dispensed with altogether except under such conditions as confront the 

 larger orchardist or the orchardist whose needs are exceptional. 



Single-trees and Double-trees. At all times and in all places in the 

 orchard the shortest possible double-trees and single-trees should be 

 used, as. at best they are a great menace to smooth and low-hanging 

 branches. Leather protections, or guards, over the clips are wise 

 precautions. 

 3 cc 



