CONTENTS 



XI 



ditch, 189 ; Finishing the outlet, 190 ; Screen, 191 ; 

 Trap, 192 ; Laterals, 193 ; Leveling for laterals, 194 ; 

 Making provision for lateral outlet when laying the 

 main, 195 ; Joining laterals to mains, 196 ; Side con- 

 nection, 197 ; Top connection, 198 ; Angles, 199 ; Mak- 

 ing openings through tile, 200 ; Designating the sub- 

 mains and laterals in the records, 201. 



CHAPTER VIII 



OTHER CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS 



Underground outlets, 202 ; Drain heads, 203 ; Drain- 

 age by wells, 204 ; Quicksand, 205 ; Protection to joints 

 against quicksand, 206 ; Boggy and springy places, 207 ; 

 To remove excessive surface water, 208 ; Tile in muck 

 soil should be laid deep, 209 ; Gravitational water in 

 irrigated lands, 210; Cost of tiling, 211; Order of steps 

 in tiling, 212. 



CHAPTER IX 



THE HOSE-LEVEL . 



Accuracy of reading, 213 ; Availability and cost, 214 ; 

 Materials needed, 215 ; Suggestions, 216 ; Constructing 

 the hose-level, 217 ; Introducing the water, 218 ; Re- 

 moving air bubbles from the hose-level, 219; Checking 

 up the instrument, 220 ; Leveling rods, 221 ; Construc- 

 tion of rods, 222 ; System of reading, 223 ; To use the 

 apparatus, 224 ; How to read height of column, 225 ; 

 The reading, 226 ; Moving, 227 ; Recording data, 228 ; 

 Positive readings, 229 ; Negative readings, 230 ; Com- 

 puting elevations, 231 ; The rule is apparent, 232 ; Re- 

 cording reading taken, in feet and inches, 233 ; Relation 

 of values, 234. 



CHAPTER X 



USING THE HOSE-LEVEL WITHOUT LEVELING RODS . \ 

 Long stakes, 235 ; To establish datum plane, 236 ; 

 Leveling, 237 ; The height of grade bars, 238 ; To deter- 

 mine fall by hose-level, 239 ; Computations, 240 ; Plac- 



152-164 



165-179 



180-186 



