CHAPTER VII 

 CONSTRUCTION 



WITH the computations completed, we are now ready 

 to dig the ditch. If up to this point the work has been 

 carefully and accurately done, the work of construction 

 may proceed smoothly. Due care must be exercised in 

 the work that is to follow. No part of the work may be 

 carelessly done, if successful results are to be secured. 

 Proper tools are important, but proper judgment and 

 careful, intelligent work are even more important. Here, 

 again, it must be remembered that this work should be 

 installed for generations of service. Economy in con- 

 struction must not be overlooked. 



175. Ditching tools. Three tools, especially made 

 for tile ditching, are the ditching spade, tile scoop, and 

 tile hook. 



The ditching spade, Fig. 51, is made in different sizes 

 for different kinds of soil. In general the blade is long 

 and narrow, partly to lessen the number of spade depths or 

 cuts necessary to dig the ditch, and partly that the spade 

 full of soil is less likely to slip from the blade in lifting the 

 soil to the surface. 



The work of digging and finishing the ditch can be, and 

 often is, done with common spade and shovel, though the 

 tile scoop is desirable for finishing the bottom of the ditch. 



The tile scoop, also called drain cleaner, Fig. 51, is 

 used in shaping the bottom of the ditch to receive the tile. 



134 



