MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 



The pupa of Anopheles is elongated antero-posteriorly, and as a rule 

 hangs in the water in a much less vertical position than that of Culex, 

 which is not so much elongated. 



As the pupa increases in age additional hairs are developed and 

 its body becomes darker in colour. Just before the fly emerges it comes 

 to rest, and extends its abdomen ; the dorsum of the thorax now splits, 

 and the adult insect slowly extricates itself. As a rule the pupal stage 

 lasts from three to four days, according to the temperature ; it may be 

 as short as forty-eight hours and as long as ten days. 



James and Listen's Key to the identification of the known larvae of 



Indian Anopheles. 



1. Antennae with a large branched hair 



A. With simple unbranched frontal hairs .... lindesayi. 

 D With branched frontal hairs. 



1. Median frontal hairs unbranched. The branches of 



the external frontal hairs arise from the main stem 



and from other branches ...... barbirostris. 



2. Median frontal hair unbranched. The branches of the 



external frontal hairs arise from the main stem only, sinensis 



2. Antennae without a large branched hair. 



A. With fully developed palmate hairs on the thorax. 



(a) With simple unbranched frontal hairs. 



1. The filaments of the palmate hair leaflets rather long. . culicifacies. 



2. Palmate hairs very large on thorax. Filaments shorter. 



Characteristic head pattern list oni. 



3. Basal hairs characteristic . . . . . . culiciformis. 



(b) With branched frontal hairs, 



1. Two branched posterior hairs in addition to the frontal 



hairs. Palmate hairs large, k Filament short 



jeyporiensis. 



2. No posterior hair maculipalpis. 



-t> Without fully developed palmate hairs on the thorax, 

 (a) With simple unbranched frontal hairs. 



1. Characteristic head pattern. Filaments of leaflets long, rossii. 



2- No head pattern. Filaments shorter .... Stephens!. 



3. Filaments very short and blunt ..... theobaldi. 



4. Filaments short, sharp-pointed maculatus. 



5. Two long unbranched posterior hairs. Palmate hairs 



only on the last few abdominal segments . . turkhudi. 

 (6) With branched frontal hairs. 



1. Frontal hairs much branched fuliginosus. 



2. Frontal hairs only slightly branched or frayed . . pulcherrimus. 

 3.' External frontal hairs unbranched, median forked aitkeni. 



Edward's Key to the "known "larvae of African Anopheles. 



f. Shaft of antenna with hair-tuft; no ; plumose hairs in 



middle of thorax overlapping occiput . : . ... . muritianus-. 



