INDIAN SPECIES OF ANOPHELES 227 



narrow white bands. Costa of wing with six or seven black spots, the 

 three first small and often joined. Upper surface of egg with a broad 

 frill round it ; floats arising from the fringe and touching its margin. 

 Larva with frontal hairs simple and unbranched ; palmate hairs from 

 second to seventh abdominal segments ; leaflet very long and as a rule 

 with a single serration. 



This species is distributed almost throughout India, and has been 

 found at a height of 5,000 feet ; it is also common in the Straits Settle- 

 ments, Sumatra, Java, and the Philippine Islands. It is essentially a do- 

 mestic insect, and breeds as a rule in shallow pools, washings from houses, 

 in paddy fields and even in the backwaters along the Madras Coast ; it is 

 common throughout the year. As far as is known at present it plays no 

 part in the transmission of malaria in nature, though it can be infected in 

 the laboratory. In a recent paper Bentley shows that rossii is refractory 

 to malarial infection in nature. Vogel, working in Java, suggests that 

 only adults which were bred from larvae living in salt water become 

 infected ; this statement is, however, disproved by the experiments of 

 Stephens and Christophers, for these observers were able to infect adults 

 which were bred put of larvae living in fresh water. 



Christophers records a variety of rossii from the Andaman Islands 

 which has a broader white apical band on the palps ; it is probably 

 identical with Anopheles indefinita, Ludlow. It breeds in small and 

 temporary collections of water among houses, and appears to be 

 restricted to the vicinity of human dwellings. 



Anopheles (Nyssomyzomyia) ludloivi, Theobald. Palpi with three- 

 white bands as in rossii, but the apical band is narrower. Thorax dark 

 brown with light areas. Abdomen clothed with golden brown hairs. 

 Legs speckled and with white bands at all the tarsal joints. Costa with 

 six or seven black spots like those of rossii; the basal spots are sometimes 

 longer. Its egg, according to Christophers, has a narrow frill and in 

 general appearance simulates that of fuliginosus. 



Ludlowi is found in Bengal, Burma, the Andaman Islands and the 

 Philippine Islands. In the Andamans, where Christophers has de- 

 monstrated it to be a carrier of the parasites of malaria, it is never 

 found more than a quarter of a mile from salt water. The larvae 

 were found in brackish water near embankments, and in one instance 

 Christophers notes the water contained about four per cent of salt. 



Anopheles (Nyssomyzomyia) puncttilata, James and Listen. Palpi 

 with four white bands and speckled on basal half ; the apical band is 

 narrow, the next two broad, and the fourth narrow. Thorax clothed 



