GLOSSINA LONGIPENNIS 395 



abundant at the north end of Lake Nyassa, in North Eastern Rhodesia 

 and in German East Africa. Its occurrence in Rhodesia is of consider- 

 able importance, for it may yet be shown that it has something to do 

 with the spread of human trypanosomiasis. 



Stuhlmann has made the most complete study of this species. Brevi- 

 palpis is chiefly met with in thick bush, and nearly always in the vici- 

 nity of water. It is not uncommon to find it at high 



altitudes, as much as 3,000 feet above sea-level. Bionomics and Early 



stages 



It is an active fly and appears to feed at definite times, 



either in the early morning before 8 a.m., or in the evening from 4 p.m. 

 In the interval it rests under leaves, on the barks of trees, and even on 

 stones, always near the ground. Like many other species of Glossina, 

 it prefers dark coloured animals and dark skins, and will bite through 

 dark clothes. 



Stuhlmann, who has studied its breeding habits in captivity, states that 

 the larvae are dropped at intervals varying from ten to twenty-two days, 

 and that in three months one female deposited eight larvae. In German 

 East Africa it probably breeds throughout the year, though the wet 

 weather appears to be somewhat unfavourable to the development of the 

 pupae. The freshly extruded larva measures 9'1 mm. in length and 

 2'3 mm. in breadth. The puparium, according to Austen, is of the usual 

 brown colour, and measures about 7*5 to 8 mm. in length ; the duration 

 of the pupal stage varies from thirty to sixty-five days, according to the 

 temperature. 



Glossina longipennis, Corti. A large light species, in size and gen- 

 eral appearance resembling brevipalpis. Thorax greyish brown, with a 

 narrow faint brown longitudinal stripe on either side of the median 

 line ; a pair of admedian pale brown spots on the suture, and four 

 well defined dark brown oval spots in the form of a parallelogram, two 

 in front and two behind the suture. Abdomen ochraceous buff, with 

 dark brown marks on either side of each segment. This species can be 

 distinguished from brevipalpis by the greater width of the front in both 

 sexes ; by the ocellar spot being dark brown, and by the thoracic mark- 

 ings. The harpes of the male genital armature are squamiform, the 

 inferior claspers are small, and the tips overlap. Length, according to 

 Austen, male 10'2 to 11'6 mm.; female 11'4 to 13 mm. 



This is one of the most easily recognized of the tsetse flies ; its char- 

 acteristic colour, thoracic spots, and the well defined dark patch on the 

 ventral surface of the bulb of the proboscis will prevent it from being 

 confused with any of the other species. It is strictly an East Afrjcan 



