THE BLOOD. 63 



OTTO found in human blood 1.18 p. m. glucose and 0.29 p. m. of the 

 other reducing substance. The amount of glucose in the blood 

 seems to be almost independent of the food; nevertheless after 

 feeding with large quantities of glucose and dextrin BLEILE ob- 

 served a significant increase of glucose. If the amount is more 

 than 3 p. m., according to CL. BERNARD, the glucose passes into 

 the urine, producing glycosuria. The different amounts of glucose 

 in the blood from different vessels and under various conditions 

 will be fully discussed later. 



Among the bodies which are found in the blood and without 

 doubt met with in smaller or greater amounts in the plasma are to 

 be mentioned urea, uric acid (found in human blood by ABELES), 

 creatin, carbamic acid, par alactic acid, and hippuric acid. Under 

 pathological conditions the following have been found : hypoxan- 

 thin, leucin, tyrosin, and biliary constituents. 



The coloring matters of the blood-serum are very little known. 

 In equine blood-serum biliary coloring matters, bilirubin, besides 

 other coloring matters, occur. The yellow coloring matter of the 

 serum seems to belong to the group of luteins, which are often called 

 Hpochromes or fat-coloring matters. From ox-serum KRUKENBERG 

 was able to isolate with amyl alcohol a so-called lipochrome whose 

 solution shows two absorption-bands, of which one encloses the line 

 F and the other lies between F and G. HALLIBURTON found in 

 the blood of birds and amphibia a yellow coloring matter which 

 only showed one absorption-band. 



The mineral bodies in serum and plasma are qualitatively, but 

 not quantitatively, the same. A part of the calcium, magnesium, 

 and phosphoric acid is removed on the coagulation of the fibrin. By 

 means of dialysis, the presence of sodium chloride, which forms the 

 chief mass or 60-70$ of the total mineral bodies, also lime salts, 

 sodium carbonate, besides traces of sulphuric and phosphoric 

 acids and potassium, may be shown in the serum. Traces of silicic 

 acid, fluorine, copper, iron, manganese, and ammonia are claimed 

 to have been found in the serum. As in most animal fluids, the 

 chlorine and sodium are in the blood-serum in excess of the phos- 

 phoric acid and potassium (the occurrence of which in the serum 

 is even doubted). The acids found in the ash are not sufficient to 

 saturate the bases found, a condition which shows that a part of 

 the bases is combined with organic substances, perhaps albumin. 



