114 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 



xia, and cholera, v. JAKSCH has observed volatile fatty acids in 

 the blood (LIPACID^EMIA) in febrile diseases and sometimes in dia- 

 betes. 



The amount of salts in the blood is increased in dropsy, dysen- 

 tery, and in cholera immediately after the first violent attack, but 

 diminishes later after the attack in cholera, in scurvy, and in 

 inflammatory diseases. The decrease of alkali salts, especially com- 

 mon salt, is only trifling, but in pneumonia the salt disappears 

 almost entirely from the urine. A decrease in the alkalinity of the 

 blood has been observed in many cases, as in fevers, uraemia, car- 

 bon-monoxide poisoning, diseases of the liver, leucaemia, malignant 

 anaemia, and diabetes. The above-mentioned (page 104) decrease 

 in the alkalinity of the blood in diabetes mellitus is of special in- 

 terest. 



The quantity of glucose is increased in diabetes (mellitaemia). 

 HOPPE-SEYLER found in one case 9 p. m. glucose in the blood. 

 According to CLAUDE BERNARD, when the quantity of glucose in 

 the blood amounts to 3 p. m. it passes into the urine. The 

 quantity of urea is augmented in fevers, also in increased exchange 

 of albumin, and by an increased formation of urea caused thereby. 

 A further increase in the amount of urea in the blood occurs in a 

 retarded micturition, as in cholera as well as in cholera infantum 

 (K. MORNER), and in affections of the kidneys and the urinary 

 passages. After a ligature of the ureters or after extirpation of 

 the kidneys of animals an accumulation of urea takes place in the 

 blood. In uraemia, ammonia may occur in the blood, which origi- 

 nates from a decomposition of the urea. Uric acid is found in- 

 creased in the blood in gout (G-ARROD, SALOMON) ; oxalic acid was 

 also found in the blood in the same disease by GARROD. 



Among the foreign bodies which are found in the blood the fol- 

 lowing must be mentioned here: BILIARY ACIDS and BILIARY COL- 

 ORING MATTERS (which latter may occur under physiological condi- 

 tions in a few varieties of blood) in iceterus; LEUCIN and TYROSIN 

 in acute atrophy of the liver; ACETON specially in fevers (v. JAKSCH). 

 In melanaemia, especially after continuous malarial fever, black, 

 less often light brown or yellowish, grains of pigment occur in the 

 blood, which, according to the generally-received opinion, come into 

 the blood from the spleen. After poisoning with potassium chlo- 



