126 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 



The older statement that the cerebro-spinal fluid differs from the 

 transudations in a greater wealth of potassium salts has not been 

 confirmed by recent investigations. 



Aqueous Humor. This fluid is clear, alkaline, and has a specific 

 gravity of 1.003-1.009. The amount of solids is on an average 13 

 p. m. and the amount of proteids only 0.8-1.2 p. m. The proteids 

 consists of about equal parts serum globulin and globulin (KAHN). 

 According to GRUENHAGEN, it contains paralactic acid, another 

 dextro-gyrate substance, and a reducible body which is not similar 

 to glucose or dextrine. 



Blister-fluid. The content of blisters caused -by burns, and of 

 yesicator blisters and the blisters of the pemphigus chronicus, is 

 generally a fluid rich in solids and albumin (40-65 p. m.). This 

 is especially true of the contents of vesicatory blisters, which also 

 contain a substance that reduces copper oxide. The fluid of the 

 pemphigus is slimy and alkaline in reaction. 



The fluid of subcutaneous 03dema. This is, as a rule, very poor 

 in solids, purely serous, does not contain fibrinogen, and has a spe- 

 cific gravity of 1.005 to 1.010. The quantity of proteids is in most 

 cases lower than 10 p.m., according to HOFFMANN 1-8 p.m., and 

 in serious affections of the kidneys, generally with amyloid degen- 

 eration, less than 1 p. m. has been shown (HOFFMANN). The 

 oadema fluid also habitually contains urea, 1-2 p. m., and also a 

 reducible substance. 



The FLUID OP THE TAPEWORM cyst is related to the transudations. It is 

 poor in proteids, thin and colorless, and has a specific gravity of 1.005- 

 1.015. The quantity of solids is 14-20 p. m. The chemical constituents are 

 glucose (2.5 p. m.), inosit, traces of urea, creatin, succinic acid, and sails (8.3- 

 9.7 p. m.). Albumin is only found in traces, and then only after an inflam- 

 matory irritation. Jn the last-mentioned case 7 p. m. albumin has been found 

 in the fluid. 



The Synovial Fluid and Fluid in Synovial Cavities around Joints, 

 etc. The synovia is hardly a transudation, but it is often treated 

 as an appendix to the transudations. 



The synovia is an alkaline, sticky, fibrous, yellowish fluid 

 which is cloudy, from the presence of cell-nuclei and remains of 

 destroyed cells, but is sometimes clear. It contains also, besides 

 albumin and salts, a mucin-like nucleoalbumin. The presence of 

 pure mucin has not been shown. The composition of synovia is 



