202 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 



permanent fistula, we give below the analyses of C. SCHMIDT. The 

 figures represent parts per 1000. 



Juice from a Temporary Juice from a Permanent 



Fistula. Fistula. 



A . a. b. a. b. c. 



Water 900.8 884.4 976.8 979.9 984.6 



Solids 99.2 115.6 23.2 20.1 15.4 



Organic substance ... 90.4 16.4 12.4 9.2 



Ash 8.8 6.8 7.5 6.1 



The mineral constituents of the secretion from the temporary fistula con- 

 sisted chiefly of NaCl, 7.4 p. m. 



In the pancreatic juice of rabbits 11-26 p. m. solids have been found, and 

 in that from sheep 14.3-36.9 p. m. In the pancreatic juice of the horse 9-17.5 

 p. m. solids have been found ; in that of the pigeon, 12-14 p. m. 



The human pancreatic juice has been analyzed by HERTER in a case of 

 stoppage of the exit of the juice by the pressure of a cancer. This juice, 

 which could hardly be considered as normal, was clear, alkaliue, without odor, 

 and contained the three enzymes. It contained peptone, but no other pro- 

 teid. The quantity of solids was 24.1 p. m. Of these 6.4 p. m. were soluble 

 in alcohol. It contained 11.5 p. m. peptones (and enzymes) and 6.2 p. m. 

 mineral substances. 



Among the constituents of the pancreatic juice, the three 

 enzymes are the most important. 



The pancreatic diastase, which according to KOROWIN and 

 ZWEIFEL is not found in new-born infants and does not appear 

 until more than one month after birth, seems, although not identi- 

 cal with ptyalin, to be nearly related to it. The pancreatic diastase 

 acts very energetically upon boiled starch, especially at -j- 37 to 

 40 C., and besides dextrin yields maltose with only a small quantity 

 of glucose (MUSCULUS and v. MERING). 



If the natural pancreatic juice is not to be obtained, then the 

 gland, best after it has been exposed a certain time (24 hours) in 

 the air, may be treated with water or glycerin. This infusion or 

 the glycerin extract diluted with water (when a glycerin has been 

 used which has no reducing action) may be tested directly with 

 starch-paste. It is safer, however, to first precipitate the enzyme 

 from the glycerin extract by alcohol, and wash with this liquid, dry 

 the precipitate over sulphuric acid, and extract with water. The 

 enzyme is dissolved by the water. The detection of sugar may be 

 made in the same manner as in the saliva. 



The fat-splitting enzyme. The action of the pancreatic juice on 

 fats is twofold. First, the neutral fats are split into fatty acids 

 and glycerin, which is an enzymotic process; and secondly, it has 

 also the property of emulsifying the fats. 



