258 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 



a few days, is collected on a filter, washed with alcohol of 88$, and 

 purified, when necessary, by recrystallization. The quantitative 

 estimation of creatin is performed according to the same method. 



Carnin, CvHsN^Os + H 2 O, is one of the substances found by WEIDEL in 

 American meat extract. It has also been found by KRTJKENBERG and WAG- 

 NER in frog-muscles and in the flesh of fish, and by POUCHET in urine. As 

 previously stated (page 48), carnin may be converted into hypoxanthin by 

 means of oxidation. 



Carnin has been obtained as a white crystalline mass. It dissolves with 

 difficulty in cold water, but dissolves easily in warm. It is insoluble in alco- 

 hol and ether. It dissolves in warm hydrochloric acid and yields a salt crys- 

 tallizing in shining needles, which gives a double combination with platinum. 

 chloride. Its watery solution is precipitated by silver nitrate, but this precipi- 

 tate is neither dissolved by ammonia nor by warm nitric acid. Carnin does 

 not give the so-called WEIDEL 's xanthin reaction. Its watery solution is 

 precipitated by basic- lead acetate ; still the lead combinations may be dissolved 

 on boiling. 



We must also include among the nitrogenized extractives those bodies 

 which were discovered by GAUTIER, and which occur in very small quan- 

 tities, namely, the leucomaines : xanthocreatinin, C 6 HioN 4 O, crusocreatinin, 

 , amphicreatin, C 9 Hi 9 N 7 O4, and pseudoxanthin, 



The non-nitrogenized extractive bodies of the muscles are 

 inosit, glycogen, sugar, and lactic acid. 



Inosit, C 6 H 12 6 + H 2 0. This body, discovered by SCHERER, is 

 not a carbohydrate, but belongs to the aromatic series and seems 

 to be hexahydroxybenzol (MAQUEK^E). With hydroiodic acid 

 it yields benzol and tri-iodophenol, and on oxidation with nitric 

 acid, tetra-oxychinon. Inosit is found in the muscles, liver, spleen, 

 kidneys, super-renal cavity, lungs, brain, testicles, and in the urine 

 in pathological cases. It is found very widely distributed in the 

 vegetable kingdom, especially in unripe fruits, in green beans, 

 (phaseolus vulgaris), and therefore it is also called PHASEOMAKKIT. 



Inosit crystallizes in large, colorless, rhombical crystals of the 

 monoclinic system, or, if not pure and if only a small quantity 

 crystallizes, it forms groups of fine crystals similar to cauliflower. 

 It looses its water of crystallization at 110 C., also if exposed to 

 the air for a long time. Such exposed crystals are non-transparent 

 and milk-white. The crystals melt at 217 0. Inosit dissolves in 

 six parts of water at ordinary temperature, and the solution has a 

 sweetish taste. It is insoluble in strong alcohol and in ether. 

 Inosit does not ferment with beer-yeast; it dissolves copper oxyhy- 

 drate in alkaline solutions, but does not reduce on boiling. It gives 

 negative results with MOORE'S or BOTTGER-ALMEST'S bismuth tests. 



