474 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 



quantitatively determined during a period of several days the 

 organic nutritive substances consumed daily by persons choosing 

 their own food, who were employed in various industries, and on 

 which they felt well and fully capable of labor. 



Among these methods a few are not quite free from reproach 

 and others have not as yet been tried on a sufficiently large scale. 

 Nevertheless the experiments collected thus far serve, partly be- 

 cause of their number and partly because of the methods, to correct 

 and control one another, and also serve as a good starting-point in 

 determining the diet of various classes and similar questions. 



If we convert the quantity of nutritive substance daily taken 

 into calories, produced during physiological combustion, we then 

 obtain some idea of the sum of the chemical tension which under 

 different conditions is introduced into the body. It must not be 

 forgotten that the food is never completely absorbed and that 

 undigested or unabsorbed residues are always expelled from the 

 body with the faeces. The gross results of calories calculated from 

 the food taken must therefore, according to RUBNER, be dimin- 

 ished at least 8#. 



The following summary contains certain examples of the 

 quantity of food which is consumed by individuals of various 

 classes under different conditions. In the last column we also find 

 the amount of living force, calculated as calories, which corresponds 

 to the quantity of food in question with the above-stated correction. 

 The calories are therefore net results, while the figures for the 

 nutritive bodies are gross results. 



TABLE XIX. 



Proteids. Fat. Carbohydrates. Calories. Authority. 



Soldier during peace... 119 40 529 2784 PLAYPAIR. 



light service... 117 35 447 2424 HILDESHEIM. 



" infield 146 44 504 2852 



Laborer 130 40 550 2903 MOLESCHOTT. 



at rest 137 72 352 2458 PETTENKCFEK & Vorr. 



Cabinet-maker (40 years) 131 68 494 2835 FORSTER. 



Young physician 127 89 362 2602 



134 102 292 2476 



Laborer 133 95 422 2902 



English smith 176 71 6H6 3780 PLAYPAIR. 



" pugilist 288 88 93 2189 



Bavarian wood -chop per 135 208 876 5589 LIEBIG. 



Laborer in Silesia 80 16 552 2518 MEINERT. 



Seamstress in London. . 54 29 292 1688 PLAYFAIR. 



