20 



INTRODUCTION. 



air-tubes (tracheae) in the higher forms. Antennae converted into jaws. 

 Head and thorax amalgamated. Four pairs of legs. Abdomen without 

 limbs. 



Order 1. Podosomata (Sea-spiders). Ex. Pycnogonum. 

 , p Order tf Monomerosomata. Ex. Mites (Acarus), Water-mites (Hy- 



drachna), Ticks (Ixodes). 

 Order B. Adelarthrosomata. Ex. Harvest-spiders (Phalangidae), 



Book-scorpions (Chelifer). 



3 Order ,4., Pedipalpi. Ex. Scorpions (Scorpio). 

 fr Order Jb. Araneida. Ex. House-spiders (Tegenaria), Field-spiders 



(Epeira). 



CLASS III. MYRIAPODA. Respiration aerial, by tracheae (air-tubes) or by 

 the skin. Head distinct ; remainder of body composed of nearly similar 

 segments ; legs more than eight pairs in number, and borne partly upon the 

 abdomen. One pair of antennae. 



Order 1. Chilopoda. Ex. Centipedes (Scolopendra). 

 Order 2. Chilognatha.Ex. Millipedes (lulus). 

 Order 3. Pauropoda. Ex. Pauropus. 



CLASS IV. INSECTA. Respiration aerial, by tracheae. Head, thorax, and 

 abdomen distinct. One pair of antennae. Three pairs of legs, and gen- 

 erally two pairs of wings on the thorax. No locomotive limbs on the 

 abdomen. 



Order 1. Anoplura. Ex. Lice (Pediculus). 



Order 2. Mallophaga (Bird-lice). 



Order 3. Thymnura (Sp ringtails.) 



Order 4. Hemiptera. Ex. Plant-lice (Aphides), Field-bug (Penta- 



toma), Cochineal Insects (Coccus). 

 Order 6. Ortlwpttra. Ex. Locusts (Acrydium), Grass-hoppers 



(Gryllus), Crickets (Achetina), Cockroach (Blatta). 

 Order 6. Neuroptera. Ex. White Ants (Termes), Dragon-flies 



(Libellulidae), May-flies (Ephemeridee). 

 Order 7. Aphaniptera.Ex. Fleas (Pulex). 



Order 8. Diptera. Ex. Gnats (Culex), Crane-flies (Tipula), House- 

 flies and Flesh-flies (Musca). 

 Order 9. Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths). 

 Order 10. Hymenoptera. Ex. Bees (Apidae), Humble-bees (Bom- 

 bidae), Wasps (Vespidae), Ants (Formicidae), Saw-flies 

 (Tenthredinidae). 



Order 11. Slrepsiptera.Ex. Stylops. 

 Order 12. Coleoptera (Beetles). 



SUB-KINGDOM V.MOLLUSCA. 



Animal soft-bodied, generally with a hard covering or shell. Nervous 

 system consisting of a single ganglion or of scattered pairs of ganglia. A 

 distinct heart and breathing-organ, or neither. 



The Mollusca may be divided into the two following primary divisions ; 

 containing the following classes : 



A. MOLLUSCOIDA. Nervous system consisting of a single ganglion or of 

 a principal pair of ganglia. No heart, or an imperfect one. 



CLASS I. POLYZOA. Animal always forming compound growths or colo- 

 nies. No heart. The mouth of each zooid surrounded by 

 a circle or crescent of ciliated tentacles. Ex. Sea-mats 

 (Flustra), Lace-coral (Fenestella). 



